proxmark3/armsrc/legicrf.c

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// (c) 2009 Henryk Plötz <henryk@ploetzli.ch>
//     2016 Iceman
//     2018 AntiCat
//
// This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
// at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
// the license.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// LEGIC RF simulation code
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "proxmark3.h"
#include "apps.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "string.h"

#include "legicrf.h"
#include "legic_prng.h"
#include "legic.h"
#include "crc.h"

static legic_card_select_t card;/* metadata of currently selected card */
static crc_t legic_crc;

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Frame timing and pseudorandom number generator
//
// The Prng is forwarded every 100us (TAG_BIT_PERIOD), except when the reader is
// transmitting. In that case the prng has to be forwarded every bit transmitted:
//  - 60us for a 0 (RWD_TIME_0)
//  - 100us for a 1 (RWD_TIME_1)
//
// The data dependent timing makes writing comprehensible code significantly
// harder. The current aproach forwards the prng data based if there is data on
// air and time based, using GET_TICKS, during computational and wait periodes.
//
// To not have the necessity to calculate/guess exection time dependend timeouts
// tx_frame and rx_frame use a shared timestamp to coordinate tx and rx timeslots.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static uint32_t last_frame_end; /* ts of last bit of previews rx or tx frame */

#define RWD_TIME_PAUSE       30 /* 20us */
#define RWD_TIME_1          150 /* READER_TIME_PAUSE 20us off + 80us on = 100us */
#define RWD_TIME_0           90 /* READER_TIME_PAUSE 20us off + 40us on = 60us */
#define RWD_FRAME_WAIT      330 /* 220us from TAG frame end to READER frame start */
#define TAG_FRAME_WAIT      495 /* 330us from READER frame end to TAG frame start */
#define TAG_BIT_PERIOD      150 /* 100us */
#define TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT    60 /* 40 * 100us (write should take at most 3.6ms) */

#define LEGIC_READ         0x01 /* Read Command */
#define LEGIC_WRITE        0x00 /* Write Command */

#define SESSION_IV         0x55 /* An arbitrary chose session IV, all shoud work */
#define OFFSET_LOG         1024 /* The largest Legic Prime card is 1k */
#define WRITE_LOWERLIMIT      4 /* UID and MCC are not writable */

#define INPUT_THRESHOLD       8 /* heuristically determined, lower values */
                                /* lead to detecting false ack during write */

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// I/O interface abstraction (FPGA -> ARM)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline uint16_t rx_frame_from_fpga() {
  for(;;) {
    WDT_HIT();

    // wait for frame be become available in rx holding register
    if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_RXRDY)) {
      return AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_RHR;
    }
  }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Demodulation (Reader)
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Returns a demedulated bit
//
// The FPGA running xcorrelation samples the subcarrier at ~13.56 MHz. The mode
// was initialy designed to receive BSPK/2-PSK. Hance, it reports an I/Q pair
// every 4.7us (8 bits i and 8 bits q).
//
// The subcarrier amplitude can be calculated using Pythagoras sqrt(i^2 + q^2).
// To reduce CPU time the amplitude is approximated by using linear functions:
//   am = MAX(ABS(i),ABS(q)) + 1/2*MIN(ABS(i),ABSq))
//
// The bit time is 99.1us (21 I/Q pairs). The receiver skips the first 5 samples
// and averages the next (most stable) 8 samples. The final 8 samples are dropped
// also.
//
// The demodulated should be alligned to the bit period by the caller. This is
// done in rx_bit and rx_ack.
static inline bool rx_bit() {
  int32_t sum_cq = 0;
  int32_t sum_ci = 0;

  // skip first 5 I/Q pairs
  for(size_t i = 0; i<5; ++i) {
    (void)rx_frame_from_fpga();
  }

  // sample next 8 I/Q pairs
  for(size_t i = 0; i<8; ++i) {
    uint16_t iq = rx_frame_from_fpga();
    int8_t ci = (int8_t)(iq >> 8);
    int8_t cq = (int8_t)(iq & 0xff);
    sum_ci += ci;
    sum_cq += cq;
  }

  // calculate power
  int32_t power = (MAX(ABS(sum_ci), ABS(sum_cq)) + MIN(ABS(sum_ci), ABS(sum_cq))/2);

  // compare average (power / 8) to threshold
  return ((power >> 3) > INPUT_THRESHOLD);
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Modulation (Reader)
//
// I've tried to modulate the Legic specific pause-puls using ssc and the default
// ssc clock of 105.4 kHz (bit periode of 9.4us) - previous commit. However,
// the timing was not precise enough. By increasing the ssc clock this could
// be circumvented, but the adventage over bitbang would be little.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static inline void tx_bit(bool bit) {
  // insert pause
  HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
  last_frame_end += RWD_TIME_PAUSE;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };

  // return to carrier on, wait for bit periode to end
  LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
  last_frame_end += (bit ? RWD_TIME_1 : RWD_TIME_0) - RWD_TIME_PAUSE;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Frame Handling (Reader)
//
// The LEGIC RF protocol from card to reader does not include explicit frame
// start/stop information or length information. The reader must know beforehand
// how many bits it wants to receive.
// Notably: a card sending a stream of 0-bits is indistinguishable from no card
// present.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static void tx_frame(uint32_t frame, uint8_t len) {
  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_TX);

  // wait for next tx timeslot
  last_frame_end += RWD_FRAME_WAIT;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };

  // transmit frame, MSB first
  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    bool bit = (frame >> i) & 0x01;
    tx_bit(bit ^ legic_prng_get_bit());
    legic_prng_forward(1);
  };

  // add pause to mark end of the frame
  HIGH(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
  last_frame_end += RWD_TIME_PAUSE;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };
  LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);
}

static uint32_t rx_frame(uint8_t len) {
  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR
                  | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ
                  | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_QUARTER_FREQ);

  // hold sampling until card is expected to respond
  last_frame_end += TAG_FRAME_WAIT;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };

  uint32_t frame = 0;
  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    frame |= (rx_bit() ^ legic_prng_get_bit()) << i;
    legic_prng_forward(1);

    // rx_bit runs only 95us, resync to TAG_BIT_PERIOD
    last_frame_end += TAG_BIT_PERIOD;
    while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };
  }

  return frame;
}

static bool rx_ack() {
  // change fpga into rx mode
  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR
                  | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ
                  | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_QUARTER_FREQ);

  // hold sampling until card is expected to respond
  last_frame_end += TAG_FRAME_WAIT;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };

  uint32_t ack = 0;
  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < TAG_WRITE_TIMEOUT; ++i) {
    // sample bit
    ack = rx_bit();
    legic_prng_forward(1);

    // rx_bit runs only 95us, resync to TAG_BIT_PERIOD
    last_frame_end += TAG_BIT_PERIOD;
    while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };

    // check if it was an ACK
    if(ack) {
      break;
    }
  }

  return ack;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Legic Reader
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

static int init_card(uint8_t cardtype, legic_card_select_t *p_card) {
  p_card->tagtype = cardtype;

  switch(p_card->tagtype) {
    case 0x0d:
      p_card->cmdsize = 6;
      p_card->addrsize = 5;
      p_card->cardsize = 22;
      break;
    case 0x1d:
      p_card->cmdsize = 9;
      p_card->addrsize = 8;
      p_card->cardsize = 256;
      break;
    case 0x3d:
      p_card->cmdsize = 11;
      p_card->addrsize = 10;
      p_card->cardsize = 1024;
      break;
    default:
      p_card->cmdsize = 0;
      p_card->addrsize = 0;
      p_card->cardsize = 0;
      return 2;
  }
  return 0;
}

static void init_reader(bool clear_mem) {
  // configure FPGA
  FpgaDownloadAndGo(FPGA_BITSTREAM_HF);
  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR
                  | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_848_KHZ
                  | FPGA_HF_READER_RX_XCORR_QUARTER_FREQ);
  SetAdcMuxFor(GPIO_MUXSEL_HIPKD);
  LED_D_ON();

  // configure SSC with defaults
  FpgaSetupSsc(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_HF_READER_RX_XCORR);

  // re-claim GPIO_SSC_DOUT as GPIO and enable output
  AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_OER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
  AT91C_BASE_PIOA->PIO_PER = GPIO_SSC_DOUT;
  LOW(GPIO_SSC_DOUT);

  // init crc calculator
  crc_init(&legic_crc, 4, 0x19 >> 1, 0x05, 0);

  // start us timer
  StartTicks();
}

// Setup reader to card connection
//
// The setup consists of a three way handshake:
//  - Transmit initialisation vector 7 bits
//  - Receive card type 6 bits
//  - Transmit Acknowledge 6 bits
static uint32_t setup_phase(uint8_t iv) {
  // init coordination timestamp
  last_frame_end = GET_TICKS;

  // Switch on carrier and let the card charge for 5ms.
  last_frame_end += 7500;
  while(GET_TICKS < last_frame_end) { };

  legic_prng_init(0);
  tx_frame(iv, 7);

  // configure prng
  legic_prng_init(iv);
  legic_prng_forward(2);

  // receive card type
  int32_t card_type = rx_frame(6);
  legic_prng_forward(3);

  // send obsfuscated acknowledgment frame
  switch (card_type) {
    case 0x0D:
      tx_frame(0x19, 6); // MIM22 | READCMD = 0x18 | 0x01
      break;
    case 0x1D:
    case 0x3D:
      tx_frame(0x39, 6); // MIM256 | READCMD = 0x38 | 0x01
      break;
  }

  return card_type;
}

static uint8_t calc_crc4(uint16_t cmd, uint8_t cmd_sz, uint8_t value) {
  crc_clear(&legic_crc);
  crc_update(&legic_crc, (value << cmd_sz) | cmd, 8 + cmd_sz);
  return crc_finish(&legic_crc);
}

static int16_t read_byte(uint16_t index, uint8_t cmd_sz) {
  uint16_t cmd = (index << 1) | LEGIC_READ;

  // read one byte
  LED_B_ON();
  legic_prng_forward(2);
  tx_frame(cmd, cmd_sz);
  legic_prng_forward(2);
  uint32_t frame = rx_frame(12);
  LED_B_OFF();

  // split frame into data and crc
  uint8_t byte = BYTEx(frame, 0);
  uint8_t crc = BYTEx(frame, 1);

  // check received against calculated crc
  uint8_t calc_crc = calc_crc4(cmd, cmd_sz, byte);
  if(calc_crc != crc) {
    Dbprintf("!!! crc mismatch: %x != %x !!!",  calc_crc, crc);
    return -1;
  }

  legic_prng_forward(1);

  return byte;
}

// Transmit write command, wait until (3.6ms) the tag sends back an unencrypted
// ACK ('1' bit) and forward the prng time based.
bool write_byte(uint16_t index, uint8_t byte, uint8_t addr_sz) {
  uint32_t cmd = index << 1 | LEGIC_WRITE;          // prepare command
  uint8_t  crc = calc_crc4(cmd, addr_sz + 1, byte); // calculate crc
  cmd |= byte << (addr_sz + 1);                     // append value
  cmd |= (crc & 0xF) << (addr_sz + 1 + 8);          // and crc

  // send write command
  LED_C_ON();
  legic_prng_forward(2);
  tx_frame(cmd, addr_sz + 1 + 8 + 4); // sz = addr_sz + cmd + data + crc
  legic_prng_forward(3);
  LED_C_OFF();

  // wait for ack
  return rx_ack();
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Command Line Interface
//
// Only this functions are public / called from appmain.c
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
void LegicRfReader(int offset, int bytes) {
  uint8_t *BigBuf = BigBuf_get_addr();
  memset(BigBuf, 0, 1024);

  // configure ARM and FPGA
  init_reader(false);

  // establish shared secret and detect card type
  DbpString("Reading card ...");
  uint8_t card_type = setup_phase(SESSION_IV);
  if(init_card(card_type, &card) != 0) {
    Dbprintf("No or unknown card found, aborting");
    goto OUT;
  }

  // if no argument is specified create full dump
  if(bytes == -1) {
    bytes = card.cardsize;
  }

  // do not read beyond card memory
  if(bytes + offset > card.cardsize) {
    bytes = card.cardsize - offset;
  }

  for(uint16_t i = 0; i < bytes; ++i) {
    int16_t byte = read_byte(offset + i, card.cmdsize);
    if(byte == -1) {
      Dbprintf("operation failed @ 0x%03.3x", bytes);
      goto OUT;
    }
    BigBuf[i] = byte;
  }

  // OK
  Dbprintf("Card (MIM %i) read, use 'hf legic decode' or", card.cardsize);
  Dbprintf("'data hexsamples %d' to view results", (bytes+7) & ~7);

OUT:
  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
  LED_B_OFF();
  LED_C_OFF();
  LED_D_OFF();
  StopTicks();
}

void LegicRfWriter(int bytes, int offset) {
  uint8_t *BigBuf = BigBuf_get_addr();

  // configure ARM and FPGA
  init_reader(false);

  // uid is not writeable
  if(offset <= WRITE_LOWERLIMIT) {
    goto OUT;
  }

  // establish shared secret and detect card type
  Dbprintf("Writing 0x%02.2x - 0x%02.2x ...", offset, offset+bytes);
  uint8_t card_type = setup_phase(SESSION_IV);
  if(init_card(card_type, &card) != 0) {
    Dbprintf("No or unknown card found, aborting");
    goto OUT;
  }

  // do not write beyond card memory
  if(bytes + offset > card.cardsize) {
    bytes = card.cardsize - offset;
  }

  // write in reverse order, only then is DCF (decremental field) writable
  while(bytes-- > 0 && !BUTTON_PRESS()) {
    if(!write_byte(bytes + offset, BigBuf[bytes + offset], card.addrsize)) {
      Dbprintf("operation failed @ 0x%03.3x", bytes);
      goto OUT;
    }
  }

  // OK
  DbpString("Write successful");

OUT:
  FpgaWriteConfWord(FPGA_MAJOR_MODE_OFF);
  LED_B_OFF();
  LED_C_OFF();
  LED_D_OFF();
  StopTicks();
}