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# Notes on ARM & FPGA comms
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# Notes on ARM & FPGA communications
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<a id="top"></a>
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# Table of Contents
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- [Notes on ARM & FPGA communications](#notes-on-arm--fpga-communications)
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- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
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- [INTERFACE FROM THE ARM TO THE FPGA](#interface-from-the-arm-to-the-fpga)
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- [FPGA](#fpga)
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- [FPGA modes](#fpga-modes)
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- [ARM FPGA communications](#arm-fpga-communications)
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- [ARM GPIO setup](#arm-gpio-setup)
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- [FPGA Setup](#fpga-setup)
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- [HARDWARE OVERVIEW](#hardware-overview)
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- [ADC (ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER)](#adc-analog-to-digital-converter)
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- [FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY, FPGA](#field-programmable-gate-array-fpga)
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- [MICROCONTROLLER](#microcontroller)
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- [](#)
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- [To behave like a READER](#to-behave-like-a-reader)
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- [To behave like a TAG](#to-behave-like-a-tag)
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- [To sniff traffic](#to-sniff-traffic)
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- [FPGA purpose](#fpga-purpose)
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https://github.com/RfidResearchGroup/proxmark3/blob/master/doc/original_proxmark3/proxmark3.pdf
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@ -34,6 +55,8 @@ LF analog path (MCP6294 opamp. This has a GBW of 10 MHz), all 'slow' signals.
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## FPGA
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^[Top](#top)
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Since the SPARTAN II is a old outdated FPGA, thus is very limited resource there was a need to split LF and HF functionality into two separate FPGA images. Which are stored in ARM flash memory as bitstreams.
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We swap between these images by flashing fpga from ARM on the go. It takes about 1sec. Hence its usually a bad idea to program your device to continuously execute LF alt HF commands.
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@ -50,19 +73,22 @@ In order to save space, these fpga images are LZ4 compressed and included in th
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This means we save some precious space on the ARM but its a bit more complex when flashing to fpga since it has to decompress on the fly.
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### FPGA modes.
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### FPGA modes
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^[Top](#top)
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- Major modes
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- Minor modes
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## ARM FPGA communications.
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## ARM FPGA communications
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^[Top](#top)
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The ARM talks with FPGA over the Synchronous Serial Port (SSC) rx an tx.
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ARM, send a 16bit configuration with fits the select major mode.
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## ARM GPIO setup
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^[Top](#top)
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```
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// First configure the GPIOs, and get ourselves a clock.
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@ -100,6 +126,8 @@ ARM, send a 16bit configuration with fits the select major mode.
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```
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## FPGA Setup
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^[Top](#top)
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// Set up DMA to receive samples from the FPGA. We will use the PDC, with
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// a single buffer as a circular buffer (so that we just chain back to
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@ -107,13 +135,19 @@ ARM, send a 16bit configuration with fits the select major mode.
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# HARDWARE OVERVIEW
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^[Top](#top)
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## ADC (ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER)
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^[Top](#top)
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The analogue signal that comes from the antenna circuit is fed into an 8-bit Analogue to Digital Converter
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(ADC). This delivers 8 output bits in parallel which represent the current voltage retrieved from the field.
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## FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAY, FPGA
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^[Top](#top)
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The 8 output pins from the ADC are connected to 8 pins of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). An
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FPGA has a great advantage over a normal microcontroller in the sense that it emulates hardware. A
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hardware description can be compiled and flashed into an FPGA.
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@ -141,6 +175,8 @@ FPGA generates an electromagnetic field on power hi and drops the amplitude for
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## MICROCONTROLLER
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^[Top](#top)
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The microcontroller is responsible for the protocol management. It receives the digital encoded signals
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from the FPGA and decodes them. The decoded signals can just be copied to a buffer in the EEPROM
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memory. Additionally, an answer to the received message can be send by encoding a reply and
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@ -185,13 +221,17 @@ Problems:
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##
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## To behave like a READER.
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## To behave like a READER
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^[Top](#top)
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By driving all of the buffers LOW, it is possible to make the antenna
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look to the receive path like a parallel LC circuit; this provides a
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high-voltage output signal. This is typically what will be done when we
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are not actively transmitting a carrier (i.e., behaving as a reader).
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## To behave like a TAG
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^[Top](#top)
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On the receive side, there are two possibilities, which are selected by
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RLY1. A mechanical relay is used, because the signal from the antenna is
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likely to be more positive or negative than the highest or lowest supply
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@ -222,10 +262,13 @@ is the master) or its generic synchronous serial port (again, the ARM
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is the master). The ARM connects to the outside world over USB.
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## To sniff traffic
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^[Top](#top)
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## FPGA purpose
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^[Top](#top)
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Digital signal processing.
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In short, apply low pass / hi pass filtering, peak detect, correlate signal meaning IQ pair collecting.
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@ -1,15 +1,35 @@
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# Jooki Figurine Notes
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<a id="top"></a>
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# Table of Contents
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- [Jooki Figurine Notes](#jooki-figurine-notes)
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- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
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- [Jooki proxmark commands](#jooki-proxmark-commands)
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- [Decoding NDEF URL parameter](#decoding-ndef-url-parameter)
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- [Encoding NDEF record](#encoding-ndef-record)
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- [Simulation](#simulation)
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- [Cloning to a NTAG213 tag](#cloning-to-a-ntag213-tag)
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- [List of known figurine types](#list-of-known-figurine-types)
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- NTAG213 (Should be tested if other NTAG2xx work)
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- A single NDEF record of type URL
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- Physical figurines are Fox, Dragon, Knight, Ghost, Whale, Generic Flat. Than there are variations of those figures with different colors.
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## Jooki proxmark commands
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^[Top](#top)
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You can `encode`, `decode` a NDEF record, write with `clone` a record to a card or simulate with`sim`.
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### Decoding NDEF URL parameter
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^[Top](#top)
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`hf jooki decode -d g+t07s57aX1bB6tk`
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### Encoding NDEF record
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^[Top](#top)
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You can either use figurine abbreviation arguments:
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```
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--dragon
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@ -49,6 +69,8 @@ Output:
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Use `-r` parameter to read UID directly from tag.
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### Simulation
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^[Top](#top)
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To simulate the above figurine use the encoded URL parameter given in `encode` output and type following command into your proxmark:
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`hf jooki sim -b g+t07s57aX1bB6tk`
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@ -56,6 +78,8 @@ To simulate the above figurine use the encoded URL parameter given in `encode` o
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If no parameter is given to the simulation command, last loaded dump is used.
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### Cloning to a NTAG213 tag
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^[Top](#top)
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```
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hf jooki clone [-h] [-b <base64>] [-d <hex>] [-p <hex>]
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@ -81,6 +105,8 @@ or use the base64 encoded parameter to clone:
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Note: Jooki doesn't like more than one NDEF record, so make sure you just have one. Check with `hf mfu ndefread`
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### List of known figurine types
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^[Top](#top)
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`Value`|`Figurine Type`|
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|------|---------------|
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**01** | Stones |
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