proxmark3/liblua/lvm.c

/*
** $Id: lvm.c,v 2.155 2013/03/16 21:10:18 roberto Exp $
** Lua virtual machine
** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
*/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define lvm_c
#define LUA_CORE

#include "lua.h"

#include "ldebug.h"
#include "ldo.h"
#include "lfunc.h"
#include "lgc.h"
#include "lobject.h"
#include "lopcodes.h"
#include "lstate.h"
#include "lstring.h"
#include "ltable.h"
#include "ltm.h"
#include "lvm.h"



/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid loops) */
#define MAXTAGLOOP 100


const TValue *luaV_tonumber(const TValue *obj, TValue *n) {
    lua_Number num;
    if (ttisnumber(obj)) return obj;
    if (ttisstring(obj) && luaO_str2d(svalue(obj), tsvalue(obj)->len, &num)) {
        setnvalue(n, num);
        return n;
    } else
        return NULL;
}


int luaV_tostring(lua_State *L, StkId obj) {
    if (!ttisnumber(obj))
        return 0;
    else {
        char s[LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR];
        lua_Number n = nvalue(obj);
        int l = lua_number2str(s, n);
        setsvalue2s(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, s, l));
        return 1;
    }
}


static void traceexec(lua_State *L) {
    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
    lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
    int counthook = ((mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT) && L->hookcount == 0);
    if (counthook)
        resethookcount(L);  /* reset count */
    if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD) {  /* called hook last time? */
        ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* erase mark */
        return;  /* do not call hook again (VM yielded, so it did not move) */
    }
    if (counthook)
        luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1);  /* call count hook */
    if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {
        Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
        int npc = pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, p);
        int newline = getfuncline(p, npc);
        if (npc == 0 ||  /* call linehook when enter a new function, */
                ci->u.l.savedpc <= L->oldpc ||  /* when jump back (loop), or when */
                newline != getfuncline(p, pcRel(L->oldpc, p)))  /* enter a new line */
            luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline);  /* call line hook */
    }
    L->oldpc = ci->u.l.savedpc;
    if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) {  /* did hook yield? */
        if (counthook)
            L->hookcount = 1;  /* undo decrement to zero */
        ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* undo increment (resume will increment it again) */
        ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* mark that it yielded */
        ci->func = L->top - 1;  /* protect stack below results */
        luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
    }
}


static void callTM(lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
                   const TValue *p2, TValue *p3, int hasres) {
    ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, p3);
    setobj2s(L, L->top++, f);  /* push function */
    setobj2s(L, L->top++, p1);  /* 1st argument */
    setobj2s(L, L->top++, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
    if (!hasres)  /* no result? 'p3' is third argument */
        setobj2s(L, L->top++, p3);  /* 3rd argument */
    /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
    luaD_call(L, L->top - (4 - hasres), hasres, isLua(L->ci));
    if (hasres) {  /* if has result, move it to its place */
        p3 = restorestack(L, result);
        setobjs2s(L, p3, --L->top);
    }
}


void luaV_gettable(lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
    int loop;
    for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
        const TValue *tm;
        if (ttistable(t)) {  /* `t' is a table? */
            Table *h = hvalue(t);
            const TValue *res = luaH_get(h, key); /* do a primitive get */
            if (!ttisnil(res) ||  /* result is not nil? */
                    (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_INDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */
                setobj2s(L, val, res);
                return;
            }
            /* else will try the tag method */
        } else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX)))
            luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
        if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
            callTM(L, tm, t, key, val, 1);
            return;
        }
        t = tm;  /* else repeat with 'tm' */
    }
    luaG_runerror(L, "loop in gettable");
}


void luaV_settable(lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
    int loop;
    for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
        const TValue *tm;
        if (ttistable(t)) {  /* `t' is a table? */
            Table *h = hvalue(t);
            TValue *oldval = cast(TValue *, luaH_get(h, key));
            /* if previous value is not nil, there must be a previous entry
               in the table; moreover, a metamethod has no relevance */
            if (!ttisnil(oldval) ||
                    /* previous value is nil; must check the metamethod */
                    ((tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) == NULL &&
                     /* no metamethod; is there a previous entry in the table? */
                     (oldval != luaO_nilobject ||
                      /* no previous entry; must create one. (The next test is
                         always true; we only need the assignment.) */
                      (oldval = luaH_newkey(L, h, key), 1)))) {
                /* no metamethod and (now) there is an entry with given key */
                setobj2t(L, oldval, val);  /* assign new value to that entry */
                invalidateTMcache(h);
                luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
                return;
            }
            /* else will try the metamethod */
        } else /* not a table; check metamethod */
            if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX)))
                luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
        /* there is a metamethod */
        if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
            callTM(L, tm, t, key, val, 0);
            return;
        }
        t = tm;  /* else repeat with 'tm' */
    }
    luaG_runerror(L, "loop in settable");
}


static int call_binTM(lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
                      StkId res, TMS event) {
    const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);  /* try first operand */
    if (ttisnil(tm))
        tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);  /* try second operand */
    if (ttisnil(tm)) return 0;
    callTM(L, tm, p1, p2, res, 1);
    return 1;
}


static const TValue *get_equalTM(lua_State *L, Table *mt1, Table *mt2,
                                 TMS event) {
    const TValue *tm1 = fasttm(L, mt1, event);
    const TValue *tm2;
    if (tm1 == NULL) return NULL;  /* no metamethod */
    if (mt1 == mt2) return tm1;  /* same metatables => same metamethods */
    tm2 = fasttm(L, mt2, event);
    if (tm2 == NULL) return NULL;  /* no metamethod */
    if (luaV_rawequalobj(tm1, tm2))  /* same metamethods? */
        return tm1;
    return NULL;
}


static int call_orderTM(lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
                        TMS event) {
    if (!call_binTM(L, p1, p2, L->top, event))
        return -1;  /* no metamethod */
    else
        return !l_isfalse(L->top);
}


static int l_strcmp(const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
    const char *l = getstr(ls);
    size_t ll = ls->tsv.len;
    const char *r = getstr(rs);
    size_t lr = rs->tsv.len;
    for (;;) {
        int temp = strcoll(l, r);
        if (temp != 0) return temp;
        else {  /* strings are equal up to a `\0' */
            size_t len = strlen(l);  /* index of first `\0' in both strings */
            if (len == lr)  /* r is finished? */
                return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;
            else if (len == ll)  /* l is finished? */
                return -1;  /* l is smaller than r (because r is not finished) */
            /* both strings longer than `len'; go on comparing (after the `\0') */
            len++;
            l += len;
            ll -= len;
            r += len;
            lr -= len;
        }
    }
}


int luaV_lessthan(lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
    int res;
    if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))
        return luai_numlt(L, nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
    else if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))
        return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) < 0;
    else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT)) < 0)
        luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
    return res;
}


int luaV_lessequal(lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
    int res;
    if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))
        return luai_numle(L, nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
    else if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))
        return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) <= 0;
    else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE)) >= 0)  /* first try `le' */
        return res;
    else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, r, l, TM_LT)) < 0)  /* else try `lt' */
        luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
    return !res;
}


/*
** equality of Lua values. L == NULL means raw equality (no metamethods)
*/
int luaV_equalobj_(lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
    const TValue *tm;
    lua_assert(ttisequal(t1, t2));
    switch (ttype(t1)) {
        case LUA_TNIL:
            return 1;
        case LUA_TNUMBER:
            return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
        case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
            return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2);  /* true must be 1 !! */
        case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
            return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
        case LUA_TLCF:
            return fvalue(t1) == fvalue(t2);
        case LUA_TSHRSTR:
            return eqshrstr(rawtsvalue(t1), rawtsvalue(t2));
        case LUA_TLNGSTR:
            return luaS_eqlngstr(rawtsvalue(t1), rawtsvalue(t2));
        case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
            if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
            else if (L == NULL) return 0;
            tm = get_equalTM(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, uvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
            break;  /* will try TM */
        }
        case LUA_TTABLE: {
            if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
            else if (L == NULL) return 0;
            tm = get_equalTM(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
            break;  /* will try TM */
        }
        default:
            lua_assert(iscollectable(t1));
            return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
    }
    if (tm == NULL) return 0;  /* no TM? */
    callTM(L, tm, t1, t2, L->top, 1);  /* call TM */
    return !l_isfalse(L->top);
}


void luaV_concat(lua_State *L, int total) {
    lua_assert(total >= 2);
    do {
        StkId top = L->top;
        int n = 2;  /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
        if (!(ttisstring(top - 2) || ttisnumber(top - 2)) || !tostring(L, top - 1)) {
            if (!call_binTM(L, top - 2, top - 1, top - 2, TM_CONCAT))
                luaG_concaterror(L, top - 2, top - 1);
        } else if (tsvalue(top - 1)->len == 0) /* second operand is empty? */
            (void)tostring(L, top - 2);  /* result is first operand */
        else if (ttisstring(top - 2) && tsvalue(top - 2)->len == 0) {
            setobjs2s(L, top - 2, top - 1);  /* result is second op. */
        } else {
            /* at least two non-empty string values; get as many as possible */
            size_t tl = tsvalue(top - 1)->len;
            char *buffer;
            int i;
            /* collect total length */
            for (i = 1; i < total && tostring(L, top - i - 1); i++) {
                size_t l = tsvalue(top - i - 1)->len;
                if (l >= (MAX_SIZET / sizeof(char)) - tl)
                    luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
                tl += l;
            }
            buffer = luaZ_openspace(L, &G(L)->buff, tl);
            tl = 0;
            n = i;
            do {  /* concat all strings */
                size_t l = tsvalue(top - i)->len;
                memcpy(buffer + tl, svalue(top - i), l * sizeof(char));
                tl += l;
            } while (--i > 0);
            setsvalue2s(L, top - n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl));
        }
        total -= n - 1; /* got 'n' strings to create 1 new */
        L->top -= n - 1; /* popped 'n' strings and pushed one */
    } while (total > 1);  /* repeat until only 1 result left */
}


void luaV_objlen(lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb) {
    const TValue *tm;
    switch (ttypenv(rb)) {
        case LUA_TTABLE: {
            Table *h = hvalue(rb);
            tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_LEN);
            if (tm) break;  /* metamethod? break switch to call it */
            setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(h)));  /* else primitive len */
            return;
        }
        case LUA_TSTRING: {
            setnvalue(ra, cast_num(tsvalue(rb)->len));
            return;
        }
        default: {  /* try metamethod */
            tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_LEN);
            if (ttisnil(tm))  /* no metamethod? */
                luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
            break;
        }
    }
    callTM(L, tm, rb, rb, ra, 1);
}


void luaV_arith(lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
                const TValue *rc, TMS op) {
    TValue tempb, tempc;
    const TValue *b, *c;
    if ((b = luaV_tonumber(rb, &tempb)) != NULL &&
            (c = luaV_tonumber(rc, &tempc)) != NULL) {
        lua_Number res = luaO_arith(op - TM_ADD + LUA_OPADD, nvalue(b), nvalue(c));
        setnvalue(ra, res);
    } else if (!call_binTM(L, rb, rc, ra, op))
        luaG_aritherror(L, rb, rc);
}


/*
** check whether cached closure in prototype 'p' may be reused, that is,
** whether there is a cached closure with the same upvalues needed by
** new closure to be created.
*/
static Closure *getcached(Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base) {
    Closure *c = p->cache;
    if (c != NULL) {  /* is there a cached closure? */
        int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
        Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) {  /* check whether it has right upvalues */
            TValue *v = uv[i].instack ? base + uv[i].idx : encup[uv[i].idx]->v;
            if (c->l.upvals[i]->v != v)
                return NULL;  /* wrong upvalue; cannot reuse closure */
        }
    }
    return c;  /* return cached closure (or NULL if no cached closure) */
}


/*
** create a new Lua closure, push it in the stack, and initialize
** its upvalues. Note that the call to 'luaC_barrierproto' must come
** before the assignment to 'p->cache', as the function needs the
** original value of that field.
*/
static void pushclosure(lua_State *L, Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base,
                        StkId ra) {
    int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
    Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
    int i;
    Closure *ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup);
    ncl->l.p = p;
    setclLvalue(L, ra, ncl);  /* anchor new closure in stack */
    for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) {  /* fill in its upvalues */
        if (uv[i].instack)  /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
            ncl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_findupval(L, base + uv[i].idx);
        else  /* get upvalue from enclosing function */
            ncl->l.upvals[i] = encup[uv[i].idx];
    }
    luaC_barrierproto(L, p, ncl);
    p->cache = ncl;  /* save it on cache for reuse */
}


/*
** finish execution of an opcode interrupted by an yield
*/
void luaV_finishOp(lua_State *L) {
    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
    StkId base = ci->u.l.base;
    Instruction inst = *(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1);  /* interrupted instruction */
    OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(inst);
    switch (op) {  /* finish its execution */
        case OP_ADD:
        case OP_SUB:
        case OP_MUL:
        case OP_DIV:
        case OP_MOD:
        case OP_POW:
        case OP_UNM:
        case OP_LEN:
        case OP_GETTABUP:
        case OP_GETTABLE:
        case OP_SELF: {
            setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(inst), --L->top);
            break;
        }
        case OP_LE:
        case OP_LT:
        case OP_EQ: {
            int res = !l_isfalse(L->top - 1);
            L->top--;
            /* metamethod should not be called when operand is K */
            lua_assert(!ISK(GETARG_B(inst)));
            if (op == OP_LE &&  /* "<=" using "<" instead? */
                    ttisnil(luaT_gettmbyobj(L, base + GETARG_B(inst), TM_LE)))
                res = !res;  /* invert result */
            lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_JMP);
            if (res != GETARG_A(inst))  /* condition failed? */
                ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* skip jump instruction */
            break;
        }
        case OP_CONCAT: {
            StkId top = L->top - 1;  /* top when 'call_binTM' was called */
            int b = GETARG_B(inst);      /* first element to concatenate */
            int total = cast_int(top - 1 - (base + b));  /* yet to concatenate */
            setobj2s(L, top - 2, top);  /* put TM result in proper position */
            if (total > 1) {  /* are there elements to concat? */
                L->top = top - 1;  /* top is one after last element (at top-2) */
                luaV_concat(L, total);  /* concat them (may yield again) */
            }
            /* move final result to final position */
            setobj2s(L, ci->u.l.base + GETARG_A(inst), L->top - 1);
            L->top = ci->top;  /* restore top */
            break;
        }
        case OP_TFORCALL: {
            lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_TFORLOOP);
            L->top = ci->top;  /* correct top */
            break;
        }
        case OP_CALL: {
            if (GETARG_C(inst) - 1 >= 0)  /* nresults >= 0? */
                L->top = ci->top;  /* adjust results */
            break;
        }
        case OP_TAILCALL:
        case OP_SETTABUP:
        case OP_SETTABLE:
            break;
        default:
            lua_assert(0);
    }
}



/*
** some macros for common tasks in `luaV_execute'
*/

#if !defined luai_runtimecheck
#define luai_runtimecheck(L, c) /* void */
#endif


#define RA(i)  (base+GETARG_A(i))
/* to be used after possible stack reallocation */
#define RB(i)  check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_B(i))
#define RC(i)  check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_C(i))
#define RKB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
                         ISK(GETARG_B(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_B(i)) : base+GETARG_B(i))
#define RKC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
                         ISK(GETARG_C(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_C(i)) : base+GETARG_C(i))
#define KBx(i)  \
    (k + (GETARG_Bx(i) != 0 ? GETARG_Bx(i) - 1 : GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++)))


/* execute a jump instruction */
#define dojump(ci,i,e) \
    { int a = GETARG_A(i); \
        if (a > 0) luaF_close(L, ci->u.l.base + a - 1); \
        ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i) + e; }

/* for test instructions, execute the jump instruction that follows it */
#define donextjump(ci) { i = *ci->u.l.savedpc; dojump(ci, i, 1); }


#define Protect(x) { {x;}; base = ci->u.l.base; }

#define checkGC(L,c)  \
    Protect( luaC_condGC(L,{L->top = (c);  /* limit of live values */ \
                            luaC_step(L); \
                            L->top = ci->top;})  /* restore top */ \
             luai_threadyield(L); )


#define arith_op(op,tm) { \
        TValue *rb = RKB(i); \
        TValue *rc = RKC(i); \
        if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc)) { \
            lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb), nc = nvalue(rc); \
            setnvalue(ra, op(L, nb, nc)); \
        } \
        else { Protect(luaV_arith(L, ra, rb, rc, tm)); } }


#define vmdispatch(o) switch(o)
#define vmcase(l,b)   case l: {b}  break;
#define vmcasenb(l,b) case l: {b} /* nb = no break */

void luaV_execute(lua_State *L) {
    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
    LClosure *cl;
    TValue *k;
    StkId base;
newframe:  /* reentry point when frame changes (call/return) */
    lua_assert(ci == L->ci);
    cl = clLvalue(ci->func);
    k = cl->p->k;
    base = ci->u.l.base;
    /* main loop of interpreter */
    for (;;) {
        Instruction i = *(ci->u.l.savedpc++);
        StkId ra;
        if ((L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT)) &&
                (--L->hookcount == 0 || L->hookmask & LUA_MASKLINE)) {
            Protect(traceexec(L));
        }
        /* WARNING: several calls may realloc the stack and invalidate `ra' */
        ra = RA(i);
        lua_assert(base == ci->u.l.base);
        lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top < L->stack + L->stacksize);
        vmdispatch(GET_OPCODE(i)) {
            vmcase(OP_MOVE,
                   setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
                  )
            vmcase(OP_LOADK,
                   TValue *rb = k + GETARG_Bx(i);
                   setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
                  )
            vmcase(OP_LOADKX,
                   TValue * rb;
                   lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_EXTRAARG);
                   rb = k + GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++);
                   setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
                  )
            vmcase(OP_LOADBOOL,
                   setbvalue(ra, GETARG_B(i));
                   if (GETARG_C(i)) ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* skip next instruction (if C) */
                  )
                vmcase(OP_LOADNIL,
                       int b = GETARG_B(i);
                do {
                    setnilvalue(ra++);
                } while (b--);
                      )
                    vmcase(OP_GETUPVAL,
                           int b = GETARG_B(i);
                           setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v);
                          )
                    vmcase(OP_GETTABUP,
                           int b = GETARG_B(i);
                           Protect(luaV_gettable(L, cl->upvals[b]->v, RKC(i), ra));
                          )
                    vmcase(OP_GETTABLE,
                           Protect(luaV_gettable(L, RB(i), RKC(i), ra));
                          )
                    vmcase(OP_SETTABUP,
                           int a = GETARG_A(i);
                           Protect(luaV_settable(L, cl->upvals[a]->v, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
                          )
                    vmcase(OP_SETUPVAL,
                           UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
                           setobj(L, uv->v, ra);
                           luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra);
                          )
                    vmcase(OP_SETTABLE,
                           Protect(luaV_settable(L, ra, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
                          )
                    vmcase(OP_NEWTABLE,
                           int b = GETARG_B(i);
                           int c = GETARG_C(i);
                           Table *t = luaH_new(L);
                           sethvalue(L, ra, t);
                           if (b != 0 || c != 0)
                           luaH_resize(L, t, luaO_fb2int(b), luaO_fb2int(c));
                           checkGC(L, ra + 1);
                          )
                        vmcase(OP_SELF,
                               StkId rb = RB(i);
                               setobjs2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
                               Protect(luaV_gettable(L, rb, RKC(i), ra));
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_ADD,
                               arith_op(luai_numadd, TM_ADD);
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_SUB,
                               arith_op(luai_numsub, TM_SUB);
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_MUL,
                               arith_op(luai_nummul, TM_MUL);
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_DIV,
                               arith_op(luai_numdiv, TM_DIV);
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_MOD,
                               arith_op(luai_nummod, TM_MOD);
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_POW,
                               arith_op(luai_numpow, TM_POW);
                              )
                        vmcase(OP_UNM,
                               TValue *rb = RB(i);
                        if (ttisnumber(rb)) {
                        lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb);
                            setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(L, nb));
                        } else {
                            Protect(luaV_arith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM));
                        }
                  )
            vmcase(OP_NOT,
                   TValue *rb = RB(i);
                   int res = l_isfalse(rb);  /* next assignment may change this value */
                   setbvalue(ra, res);
                  )
            vmcase(OP_LEN,
                   Protect(luaV_objlen(L, ra, RB(i)));
                  )
            vmcase(OP_CONCAT,
                   int b = GETARG_B(i);
                   int c = GETARG_C(i);
                   StkId rb;
                   L->top = base + c + 1;  /* mark the end of concat operands */
                   Protect(luaV_concat(L, c - b + 1));
                   ra = RA(i);  /* 'luav_concat' may invoke TMs and move the stack */
                   rb = b + base;
                   setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
                   checkGC(L, (ra >= rb ? ra + 1 : rb));
                   L->top = ci->top;  /* restore top */
                  )
            vmcase(OP_JMP,
                   dojump(ci, i, 0);
                  )
            vmcase(OP_EQ,
                   TValue *rb = RKB(i);
                   TValue *rc = RKC(i);
                   Protect(
                       if (cast_int(equalobj(L, rb, rc)) != GETARG_A(i))
                       ci->u.l.savedpc++;
                               else
                                   donextjump(ci);
                               )
                              )
                            vmcase(OP_LT,
                                   Protect(
                                       if (luaV_lessthan(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) != GETARG_A(i))
                                       ci->u.l.savedpc++;
                                       else
                                           donextjump(ci);
                                       )
                                      )
                                    vmcase(OP_LE,
                                           Protect(
                                               if (luaV_lessequal(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) != GETARG_A(i))
                                               ci->u.l.savedpc++;
                                               else
                                                   donextjump(ci);
                                               )
                                              )
                                            vmcase(OP_TEST,
                                                   if (GETARG_C(i) ? l_isfalse(ra) : !l_isfalse(ra))
                                                   ci->u.l.savedpc++;
                                                   else
                                                       donextjump(ci);
                                                      )
                                                    vmcase(OP_TESTSET,
                                                           TValue *rb = RB(i);
                                                           if (GETARG_C(i) ? l_isfalse(rb) : !l_isfalse(rb))
                                                           ci->u.l.savedpc++;
                                                    else {
                                                        setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
                                                            donextjump(ci);
                                                        }
                  )
            vmcase(OP_CALL,
                   int b = GETARG_B(i);
                   int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
                   if (b != 0) L->top = ra + b; /* else previous instruction set top */
            if (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) {  /* C function? */
                if (nresults >= 0) L->top = ci->top;  /* adjust results */
                    base = ci->u.l.base;
                } else { /* Lua function */
                    ci = L->ci;
                    ci->callstatus |= CIST_REENTRY;
                    goto newframe;  /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
                }
                  )
            vmcase(OP_TAILCALL,
                   int b = GETARG_B(i);
                   if (b != 0) L->top = ra + b; /* else previous instruction set top */
                   lua_assert(GETARG_C(i) - 1 == LUA_MULTRET);
                   if (luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET))  /* C function? */
                       base = ci->u.l.base;
                else {
                    /* tail call: put called frame (n) in place of caller one (o) */
                    CallInfo *nci = L->ci;  /* called frame */
                    CallInfo *oci = nci->previous;  /* caller frame */
                    StkId nfunc = nci->func;  /* called function */
                    StkId ofunc = oci->func;  /* caller function */
                    /* last stack slot filled by 'precall' */
                    StkId lim = nci->u.l.base + getproto(nfunc)->numparams;
                        int aux;
                        /* close all upvalues from previous call */
                        if (cl->p->sizep > 0) luaF_close(L, oci->u.l.base);
                        /* move new frame into old one */
                        for (aux = 0; nfunc + aux < lim; aux++)
                            setobjs2s(L, ofunc + aux, nfunc + aux);
                        oci->u.l.base = ofunc + (nci->u.l.base - nfunc);  /* correct base */
                        oci->top = L->top = ofunc + (L->top - nfunc);  /* correct top */
                        oci->u.l.savedpc = nci->u.l.savedpc;
                        oci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;  /* function was tail called */
                        ci = L->ci = oci;  /* remove new frame */
                        lua_assert(L->top == oci->u.l.base + getproto(ofunc)->maxstacksize);
                        goto newframe;  /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
                    }
                  )
            vmcasenb(OP_RETURN,
                     int b = GETARG_B(i);
                     if (b != 0) L->top = ra + b - 1;
                     if (cl->p->sizep > 0) luaF_close(L, base);
                         b = luaD_poscall(L, ra);
                         if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_REENTRY))  /* 'ci' still the called one */
                             return;  /* external invocation: return */
                        else {  /* invocation via reentry: continue execution */
                            ci = L->ci;
                            if (b) L->top = ci->top;
                                lua_assert(isLua(ci));
                                lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((ci)->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL);
                                goto newframe;  /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
                            }
                    )
            vmcase(OP_FORLOOP,
                   lua_Number step = nvalue(ra + 2);
                   lua_Number idx = luai_numadd(L, nvalue(ra), step); /* increment index */
                   lua_Number limit = nvalue(ra + 1);
                   if (luai_numlt(L, 0, step) ? luai_numle(L, idx, limit)
            : luai_numle(L, limit, idx)) {
            ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i);  /* jump back */
                setnvalue(ra, idx);  /* update internal index... */
                setnvalue(ra + 3, idx); /* ...and external index */
            }
                  )
            vmcase(OP_FORPREP,
                   const TValue *init = ra;
                   const TValue *plimit = ra + 1;
                   const TValue *pstep = ra + 2;
                   if (!tonumber(init, ra))
                   luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " initial value must be a number");
                   else if (!tonumber(plimit, ra + 1))
                       luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " limit must be a number");
                       else if (!tonumber(pstep, ra + 2))
                           luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " step must be a number");
                           setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(L, nvalue(ra), nvalue(pstep)));
                           ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i);
                          )
                        vmcasenb(OP_TFORCALL,
                                 StkId cb = ra + 3;  /* call base */
                                 setobjs2s(L, cb + 2, ra + 2);
                                 setobjs2s(L, cb + 1, ra + 1);
                                 setobjs2s(L, cb, ra);
                                 L->top = cb + 3;  /* func. + 2 args (state and index) */
                                 Protect(luaD_call(L, cb, GETARG_C(i), 1));
                                 L->top = ci->top;
                                 i = *(ci->u.l.savedpc++);  /* go to next instruction */
                                 ra = RA(i);
                                 lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP);
                                 goto l_tforloop;
                                )
                        vmcase(OP_TFORLOOP,
                               l_tforloop:
                        if (!ttisnil(ra + 1)) {  /* continue loop? */
                        setobjs2s(L, ra, ra + 1);  /* save control variable */
                            ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i);  /* jump back */
                        }
                  )
            vmcase(OP_SETLIST,
                   int n = GETARG_B(i);
                   int c = GETARG_C(i);
                   int last;
                   Table * h;
                   if (n == 0) n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1;
            if (c == 0) {
                lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_EXTRAARG);
                    c = GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++);
                }
            luai_runtimecheck(L, ttistable(ra));
            h = hvalue(ra);
                last = ((c - 1) * LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) + n;
                if (last > h->sizearray)  /* needs more space? */
                luaH_resizearray(L, h, last);  /* pre-allocate it at once */
            for (; n > 0; n--) {
                TValue *val = ra + n;
                luaH_setint(L, h, last--, val);
                    luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
                }
            L->top = ci->top;  /* correct top (in case of previous open call) */
                  )
            vmcase(OP_CLOSURE,
                   Proto *p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
                   Closure *ncl = getcached(p, cl->upvals, base);  /* cached closure */
                   if (ncl == NULL)  /* no match? */
                   pushclosure(L, p, cl->upvals, base, ra);  /* create a new one */
                   else
                       setclLvalue(L, ra, ncl);  /* push cashed closure */
                       checkGC(L, ra + 1);
                      )
                    vmcase(OP_VARARG,
                           int b = GETARG_B(i) - 1;
                           int j;
                           int n = cast_int(base - ci->func) - cl->p->numparams - 1;
                    if (b < 0) {  /* B == 0? */
                    b = n;  /* get all var. arguments */
                    Protect(luaD_checkstack(L, n));
                        ra = RA(i);  /* previous call may change the stack */
                        L->top = ra + n;
                    }
            for (j = 0; j < b; j++) {
            if (j < n) {
                    setobjs2s(L, ra + j, base - n + j);
                } else {
                    setnilvalue(ra + j);
                }
            }
                  )
            vmcase(OP_EXTRAARG,
                   lua_assert(0);
                  )
        }
    }
}