proxmark3/common/lfdemod.c
marshmellow42 eb191de615 LF Demod streamlining
one shared location for demoding lf for arm and client.  also added a
few raw demod commands.
2014-12-28 20:33:32 -05:00

692 lines
22 KiB
C

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) 2014
//
// This code is licensed to you under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or,
// at your option, any later version. See the LICENSE.txt file for the text of
// the license.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Low frequency commands
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
//#include <inttypes.h>
//#include <limits.h>
#include "lfdemod.h"
//#include "proxmark3.h"
//#include "data.h"
//#include "ui.h"
//#include "graph.h"
//#include "cmdparser.h"
//#include "util.h"
//#include "cmdmain.h"
//#include "cmddata.h"
//uint8_t BinStream[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN];
//uint8_t BinStreamLen;
//by marshmellow
//takes 1s and 0s and searches for EM410x format - output EM ID
uint64_t Em410xDecode(uint8_t BitStream[],uint32_t BitLen)
{
//no arguments needed - built this way in case we want this to be a direct call from "data " cmds in the future
// otherwise could be a void with no arguments
//set defaults
int high=0, low=0;
uint64_t lo=0; //hi=0,
uint32_t i = 0;
uint32_t initLoopMax = 1000;
if (initLoopMax>BitLen) initLoopMax=BitLen;
for (;i < initLoopMax; ++i) //1000 samples should be plenty to find high and low values
{
if (BitStream[i] > high)
high = BitStream[i];
else if (BitStream[i] < low)
low = BitStream[i];
}
if (((high !=1)||(low !=0))){ //allow only 1s and 0s
// PrintAndLog("no data found");
return 0;
}
uint8_t parityTest=0;
// 111111111 bit pattern represent start of frame
uint8_t frame_marker_mask[] = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};
uint32_t idx = 0;
uint32_t ii=0;
uint8_t resetCnt = 0;
while( (idx + 64) < BitLen) {
restart:
// search for a start of frame marker
if ( memcmp(BitStream+idx, frame_marker_mask, sizeof(frame_marker_mask)) == 0)
{ // frame marker found
idx+=9;//sizeof(frame_marker_mask);
for (i=0; i<10;i++){
for(ii=0; ii<5; ++ii){
parityTest += BitStream[(i*5)+ii+idx];
}
if (parityTest== ((parityTest>>1)<<1)){
parityTest=0;
for (ii=0; ii<4;++ii){
//hi = (hi<<1)|(lo>>31);
lo=(lo<<1LL)|(BitStream[(i*5)+ii+idx]);
}
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG: EM parity passed parity val: %d, i:%d, ii:%d,idx:%d, Buffer: %d%d%d%d%d,lo: %d",parityTest,i,ii,idx,BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-5],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-4],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-3],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-2],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-1],lo);
}else {//parity failed
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG: EM parity failed parity val: %d, i:%d, ii:%d,idx:%d, Buffer: %d%d%d%d%d",parityTest,i,ii,idx,BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-5],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-4],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-3],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-2],BitStream[idx+ii+(i*5)-1]);
parityTest=0;
idx-=8;
if (resetCnt>5)return 0;
resetCnt++;
goto restart;//continue;
}
}
//skip last 5 bit parity test for simplicity.
return lo;
}else{
idx++;
}
}
return 0;
}
//by marshmellow
//takes 2 arguments - clock and invert both as integers
//attempts to demodulate ask while decoding manchester
//prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands
int askmandemod(uint8_t * BinStream,uint32_t *BitLen,int *clk, int *invert)
{
uint32_t i;
//int invert=0; //invert default
int high = 0, low = 0;
*clk=DetectClock2(BinStream,(size_t)*BitLen,*clk); //clock default
uint8_t BitStream[MAX_BitStream_LEN] = {0};
//sscanf(Cmd, "%i %i", &clk, &invert);
if (*clk<8) *clk =64;
if (*clk<32) *clk=32;
if (*invert != 0 && *invert != 1) *invert=0;
uint32_t initLoopMax = 1000;
if (initLoopMax>*BitLen) initLoopMax=*BitLen;
// Detect high and lows
//PrintAndLog("Using Clock: %d and invert=%d",clk,invert);
for (i = 0; i < initLoopMax; ++i) //1000 samples should be plenty to find high and low values
{
if (BinStream[i] > high)
high = BinStream[i];
else if (BinStream[i] < low)
low = BinStream[i];
}
if ((high < 30) && ((high !=1)||(low !=-1))){ //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first)
//PrintAndLog("no data found");
return -1;
}
//13% fuzz in case highs and lows aren't clipped [marshmellow]
high=(int)(0.75*high);
low=(int)(0.75*low);
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG - valid high: %d - valid low: %d",high,low);
int lastBit = 0; //set first clock check
uint32_t bitnum = 0; //output counter
uint8_t tol = 0; //clock tolerance adjust - waves will be accepted as within the clock if they fall + or - this value + clock from last valid wave
if (*clk==32)tol=1; //clock tolerance may not be needed anymore currently set to + or - 1 but could be increased for poor waves or removed entirely
uint32_t iii = 0;
uint32_t gLen = *BitLen;
if (gLen > 500) gLen=500;
uint8_t errCnt =0;
uint32_t bestStart = *BitLen;
uint32_t bestErrCnt = (*BitLen/1000);
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG - lastbit - %d",lastBit);
//loop to find first wave that works
for (iii=0; iii < gLen; ++iii){
if ((BinStream[iii]>=high)||(BinStream[iii]<=low)){
lastBit=iii-*clk;
//loop through to see if this start location works
for (i = iii; i < *BitLen; ++i) {
if ((BinStream[i] >= high) && ((i-lastBit)>(*clk-tol))){
lastBit+=*clk;
BitStream[bitnum] = *invert;
bitnum++;
} else if ((BinStream[i] <= low) && ((i-lastBit)>(*clk-tol))){
//low found and we are expecting a bar
lastBit+=*clk;
BitStream[bitnum] = 1-*invert;
bitnum++;
} else {
//mid value found or no bar supposed to be here
if ((i-lastBit)>(*clk+tol)){
//should have hit a high or low based on clock!!
//debug
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG - no wave in expected area - location: %d, expected: %d-%d, lastBit: %d - resetting search",i,(lastBit+(clk-((int)(tol)))),(lastBit+(clk+((int)(tol)))),lastBit);
if (bitnum > 0){
BitStream[bitnum]=77;
bitnum++;
}
errCnt++;
lastBit+=*clk;//skip over until hit too many errors
if (errCnt>((*BitLen/1000))){ //allow 1 error for every 1000 samples else start over
errCnt=0;
bitnum=0;//start over
break;
}
}
}
}
//we got more than 64 good bits and not all errors
if ((bitnum > (64+errCnt)) && (errCnt<(*BitLen/1000))) {
//possible good read
if (errCnt==0) break; //great read - finish
if (bestStart == iii) break; //if current run == bestErrCnt run (after exhausted testing) then finish
if (errCnt<bestErrCnt){ //set this as new best run
bestErrCnt=errCnt;
bestStart = iii;
}
}
}
if (iii>=gLen){ //exhausted test
//if there was a ok test go back to that one and re-run the best run (then dump after that run)
if (bestErrCnt < (*BitLen/1000)) iii=bestStart;
}
}
if (bitnum>16){
// PrintAndLog("Data start pos:%d, lastBit:%d, stop pos:%d, numBits:%d",iii,lastBit,i,bitnum);
//move BitStream back to GraphBuffer
//ClearGraph(0);
for (i=0; i < bitnum; ++i){
BinStream[i]=BitStream[i];
}
*BitLen=bitnum;
//RepaintGraphWindow();
//output
//if (errCnt>0){
// PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt);
//}
// PrintAndLog("ASK decoded bitstream:");
// Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
// printBitStream2(BitStream,bitnum);
// Em410xDecode(Cmd);
}
return errCnt;
}
//by marshmellow
//take 10 and 01 and manchester decode
//run through 2 times and take least errCnt
int manrawdemod(uint8_t * BitStream, int *bitLen)
{
uint8_t BitStream2[MAX_BitStream_LEN]={0};
int bitnum=0;
int errCnt =0;
int i=1;
int bestErr = 1000;
int bestRun = 0;
int finish = 0;
int ii=1;
for (ii=1;ii<3;++ii){
i=1;
for (i=i+ii;i<*bitLen-2;i+=2){
if(BitStream[i]==1 && (BitStream[i+1]==0)){
BitStream2[bitnum++]=0;
} else if((BitStream[i]==0)&& BitStream[i+1]==1){
BitStream2[bitnum++]=1;
} else {
BitStream2[bitnum++]=77;
errCnt++;
}
}
if (bestErr>errCnt){
bestErr=errCnt;
bestRun=ii;
}
if (ii>1 || finish==1) {
if (bestRun==ii) {
break;
} else{
ii=bestRun-1;
finish=1;
}
}
errCnt=0;
bitnum=0;
}
errCnt=bestErr;
if (errCnt<10){
for (i=0; i<bitnum;++i){
BitStream[i]=BitStream2[i];
}
*bitLen=bitnum;
}
return errCnt;
}
//by marshmellow
//takes 2 arguments - clock and invert both as integers
//attempts to demodulate ask only
//prints binary found and saves in graphbuffer for further commands
int askrawdemod(uint8_t *BinStream, int *bitLen,int *clk, int *invert)
{
uint32_t i;
// int invert=0; //invert default
int high = 0, low = 0;
*clk=DetectClock2(BinStream,*bitLen,*clk); //clock default
uint8_t BitStream[MAX_BitStream_LEN] = {0};
if (*clk<8) *clk =64;
if (*clk<32) *clk=32;
if (*invert != 0 && *invert != 1) *invert =0;
uint32_t initLoopMax = 1000;
if (initLoopMax>*bitLen) initLoopMax=*bitLen;
// Detect high and lows
for (i = 0; i < initLoopMax; ++i) //1000 samples should be plenty to find high and low values
{
if (BinStream[i] > high)
high = BinStream[i];
else if (BinStream[i] < low)
low = BinStream[i];
}
if ((high < 30) && ((high !=1)||(low !=-1))){ //throw away static - allow 1 and -1 (in case of threshold command first)
// PrintAndLog("no data found");
return -1;
}
//13% fuzz in case highs and lows aren't clipped [marshmellow]
high=(int)(0.75*high);
low=(int)(0.75*low);
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG - valid high: %d - valid low: %d",high,low);
int lastBit = 0; //set first clock check
uint32_t bitnum = 0; //output counter
uint8_t tol = 0; //clock tolerance adjust - waves will be accepted as within the clock if they fall + or - this value + clock from last valid wave
if (*clk==32)tol=1; //clock tolerance may not be needed anymore currently set to + or - 1 but could be increased for poor waves or removed entirely
uint32_t iii = 0;
uint32_t gLen = *bitLen;
if (gLen > 500) gLen=500;
uint8_t errCnt =0;
uint32_t bestStart = *bitLen;
uint32_t bestErrCnt = (*bitLen/1000);
uint8_t midBit=0;
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG - lastbit - %d",lastBit);
//loop to find first wave that works
for (iii=0; iii < gLen; ++iii){
if ((BinStream[iii]>=high)||(BinStream[iii]<=low)){
lastBit=iii-*clk;
//loop through to see if this start location works
for (i = iii; i < *bitLen; ++i) {
if ((BinStream[i] >= high) && ((i-lastBit)>(*clk-tol))){
lastBit+=*clk;
BitStream[bitnum] = *invert;
bitnum++;
midBit=0;
} else if ((BinStream[i] <= low) && ((i-lastBit)>(*clk-tol))){
//low found and we are expecting a bar
lastBit+=*clk;
BitStream[bitnum] = 1-*invert;
bitnum++;
midBit=0;
} else if ((BinStream[i]<=low) && (midBit==0) && ((i-lastBit)>((*clk/2)-tol))){
//mid bar?
midBit=1;
BitStream[bitnum]= 1-*invert;
bitnum++;
} else if ((BinStream[i]>=high)&&(midBit==0) && ((i-lastBit)>((*clk/2)-tol))){
//mid bar?
midBit=1;
BitStream[bitnum]= *invert;
bitnum++;
} else if ((i-lastBit)>((*clk/2)+tol)&&(midBit==0)){
//no mid bar found
midBit=1;
BitStream[bitnum]= BitStream[bitnum-1];
bitnum++;
} else {
//mid value found or no bar supposed to be here
if ((i-lastBit)>(*clk+tol)){
//should have hit a high or low based on clock!!
//debug
//PrintAndLog("DEBUG - no wave in expected area - location: %d, expected: %d-%d, lastBit: %d - resetting search",i,(lastBit+(clk-((int)(tol)))),(lastBit+(clk+((int)(tol)))),lastBit);
if (bitnum > 0){
BitStream[bitnum]=77;
bitnum++;
}
errCnt++;
lastBit+=*clk;//skip over until hit too many errors
if (errCnt>((*bitLen/1000))){ //allow 1 error for every 1000 samples else start over
errCnt=0;
bitnum=0;//start over
break;
}
}
}
}
//we got more than 64 good bits and not all errors
if ((bitnum > (64+errCnt)) && (errCnt<(*bitLen/1000))) {
//possible good read
if (errCnt==0) break; //great read - finish
if (bestStart == iii) break; //if current run == bestErrCnt run (after exhausted testing) then finish
if (errCnt<bestErrCnt){ //set this as new best run
bestErrCnt=errCnt;
bestStart = iii;
}
}
}
if (iii>=gLen){ //exhausted test
//if there was a ok test go back to that one and re-run the best run (then dump after that run)
if (bestErrCnt < (*bitLen/1000)) iii=bestStart;
}
}
if (bitnum>16){
// PrintAndLog("Data start pos:%d, lastBit:%d, stop pos:%d, numBits:%d",iii,lastBit,i,bitnum);
//move BitStream back to BinStream
// ClearGraph(0);
for (i=0; i < bitnum; ++i){
BinStream[i]=BitStream[i];
}
*bitLen=bitnum;
// RepaintGraphWindow();
//output
// if (errCnt>0){
// PrintAndLog("# Errors during Demoding (shown as 77 in bit stream): %d",errCnt);
// }
// PrintAndLog("ASK decoded bitstream:");
// Now output the bitstream to the scrollback by line of 16 bits
// printBitStream2(BitStream,bitnum);
//int errCnt=0;
//errCnt=manrawdemod(BitStream,bitnum);
// Em410xDecode(Cmd);
} else return -1;
return errCnt;
}
//translate wave to 11111100000 (1 for each short wave 0 for each long wave)
size_t fsk_wave_demod2(uint8_t * dest, size_t size)
{
uint32_t last_transition = 0;
uint32_t idx = 1;
uint32_t maxVal=0;
// // we don't care about actual value, only if it's more or less than a
// // threshold essentially we capture zero crossings for later analysis
// we do care about the actual value as sometimes near the center of the
// wave we may get static that changes direction of wave for one value
// if our value is too low it might affect the read. and if our tag or
// antenna is weak a setting too high might not see anything. [marshmellow]
if (size<100) return 0;
for(idx=1; idx<100; idx++){
if(maxVal<dest[idx]) maxVal = dest[idx];
}
// set close to the top of the wave threshold with 13% margin for error
// less likely to get a false transition up there.
// (but have to be careful not to go too high and miss some short waves)
uint32_t threshold_value = (uint32_t)(maxVal*.87); idx=1;
//uint8_t threshold_value = 127;
// sync to first lo-hi transition, and threshold
// Need to threshold first sample
if(dest[0] < threshold_value) dest[0] = 0;
else dest[0] = 1;
size_t numBits = 0;
// count cycles between consecutive lo-hi transitions, there should be either 8 (fc/8)
// or 10 (fc/10) cycles but in practice due to noise etc we may end up with with anywhere
// between 7 to 11 cycles so fuzz it by treat anything <9 as 8 and anything else as 10
for(idx = 1; idx < size; idx++) {
// threshold current value
if (dest[idx] < threshold_value) dest[idx] = 0;
else dest[idx] = 1;
// Check for 0->1 transition
if (dest[idx-1] < dest[idx]) { // 0 -> 1 transition
if (idx-last_transition<6){
//do nothing with extra garbage
} else if (idx-last_transition < 9) {
dest[numBits]=1;
} else {
dest[numBits]=0;
}
last_transition = idx;
numBits++;
}
}
return numBits; //Actually, it returns the number of bytes, but each byte represents a bit: 1 or 0
}
uint32_t myround2(float f)
{
if (f >= 2000) return 2000;//something bad happened
return (uint32_t) (f + (float)0.5);
}
//translate 11111100000 to 10
size_t aggregate_bits2(uint8_t *dest,size_t size, uint8_t rfLen, uint8_t maxConsequtiveBits, uint8_t invert )// uint8_t h2l_crossing_value,uint8_t l2h_crossing_value,
{
uint8_t lastval=dest[0];
uint32_t idx=0;
size_t numBits=0;
uint32_t n=1;
for( idx=1; idx < size; idx++) {
if (dest[idx]==lastval) {
n++;
continue;
}
//if lastval was 1, we have a 1->0 crossing
if ( dest[idx-1]==1 ) {
n=myround2((float)(n+1)/((float)(rfLen)/(float)8));
//n=(n+1) / h2l_crossing_value;
} else {// 0->1 crossing
n=myround2((float)(n+1)/((float)(rfLen-2)/(float)10));
//n=(n+1) / l2h_crossing_value;
}
if (n == 0) n = 1;
if(n < maxConsequtiveBits) //Consecutive
{
if(invert==0){ //invert bits
memset(dest+numBits, dest[idx-1] , n);
}else{
memset(dest+numBits, dest[idx-1]^1 , n);
}
numBits += n;
}
n=0;
lastval=dest[idx];
}//end for
return numBits;
}
//by marshmellow (from holiman's base)
// full fsk demod from GraphBuffer wave to decoded 1s and 0s (no mandemod)
int fskdemod(uint8_t *dest, size_t size, uint8_t rfLen, uint8_t invert)
{
//uint8_t h2l_crossing_value = 6;
//uint8_t l2h_crossing_value = 5;
// if (rfLen==64) //currently only know settings for RF/64 change from default if option entered
// {
// h2l_crossing_value=8; //or 8 as 64/8 = 8
// l2h_crossing_value=6; //or 6.4 as 64/10 = 6.4
// }
// size_t size = GraphTraceLen;
// FSK demodulator
size = fsk_wave_demod2(dest, size);
size = aggregate_bits2(dest, size,rfLen,192,invert);
// size = aggregate_bits(size, h2l_crossing_value, l2h_crossing_value,192, invert); //192=no limit to same values
//done messing with GraphBuffer - repaint
//RepaintGraphWindow();
return size;
}
// loop to get raw HID waveform then FSK demodulate the TAG ID from it
int HIDdemodFSK(uint8_t *dest, size_t size, uint32_t *hi2, uint32_t *hi, uint32_t *lo)
{
size_t idx=0; //, found=0; //size=0,
// FSK demodulator
size = fskdemod(dest, size,50,0);
// final loop, go over previously decoded manchester data and decode into usable tag ID
// 111000 bit pattern represent start of frame, 01 pattern represents a 1 and 10 represents a 0
uint8_t frame_marker_mask[] = {1,1,1,0,0,0};
int numshifts = 0;
idx = 0;
//one scan
while( idx + sizeof(frame_marker_mask) < size) {
// search for a start of frame marker
if ( memcmp(dest+idx, frame_marker_mask, sizeof(frame_marker_mask)) == 0)
{ // frame marker found
idx+=sizeof(frame_marker_mask);
while(dest[idx] != dest[idx+1] && idx < size-2)
{
// Keep going until next frame marker (or error)
// Shift in a bit. Start by shifting high registers
*hi2 = (*hi2<<1)|(*hi>>31);
*hi = (*hi<<1)|(*lo>>31);
//Then, shift in a 0 or one into low
if (dest[idx] && !dest[idx+1]) // 1 0
*lo=(*lo<<1)|0;
else // 0 1
*lo=(*lo<<1)|1;
numshifts++;
idx += 2;
}
// Hopefully, we read a tag and hit upon the next frame marker
if(idx + sizeof(frame_marker_mask) < size)
{
if ( memcmp(dest+idx, frame_marker_mask, sizeof(frame_marker_mask)) == 0)
{
//good return
return idx;
}
}
// reset
*hi2 = *hi = *lo = 0;
numshifts = 0;
}else {
idx++;
}
}
return -1;
}
uint32_t bytebits_to_byte(uint8_t* src, int numbits)
{
uint32_t num = 0;
for(int i = 0 ; i < numbits ; i++)
{
num = (num << 1) | (*src);
src++;
}
return num;
}
int IOdemodFSK(uint8_t *dest, size_t size)
{
size_t idx=0;
//make sure buffer has data
if (size < 64) return -1;
//test samples are not just noise
uint8_t testMax=0;
for(idx=0;idx<64;idx++){
if (testMax<dest[idx]) testMax=dest[idx];
}
idx=0;
//if not just noise
if (testMax>170){
// FSK demodulator
size = fskdemod(dest, size,64,1);
//Index map
//0 10 20 30 40 50 60
//| | | | | | |
//01234567 8 90123456 7 89012345 6 78901234 5 67890123 4 56789012 3 45678901 23
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//00000000 0 11110000 1 facility 1 version* 1 code*one 1 code*two 1 ???????? 11
//
//XSF(version)facility:codeone+codetwo
//Handle the data
uint8_t mask[] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1};
for( idx=0; idx < (size - 74); idx++) {
if ( memcmp(dest + idx, mask, sizeof(mask))==0) {
//frame marker found
if (!dest[idx+8] && dest[idx+17]==1 && dest[idx+26]==1 && dest[idx+35]==1 && dest[idx+44]==1 && dest[idx+53]==1){
//confirmed proper separator bits found
//return start position
return idx;
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
// by marshmellow
// not perfect especially with lower clocks or VERY good antennas (heavy wave clipping)
// maybe somehow adjust peak trimming value based on samples to fix?
int DetectClock2(uint8_t dest[], size_t size, int clock)
{
int i=0;
int peak=0;
int low=0;
int clk[]={16,32,40,50,64,100,128,256};
for (;i<8;++i)
if (clk[i]==clock) return clock;
if (!peak){
for (i=0;i<size;++i){
if(dest[i]>peak){
peak = dest[i];
}
if(dest[i]<low){
low = dest[i];
}
}
peak=(int)(peak*.75);
low= (int)(low*.75);
}
int ii;
int loopCnt = 256;
if (size<loopCnt) loopCnt = size;
int clkCnt;
int tol = 0;
int bestErr=1000;
int errCnt[]={0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
for(clkCnt=0; clkCnt<6;++clkCnt){
if (clk[clkCnt]==32){
tol=1;
}else{
tol=0;
}
bestErr=1000;
for (ii=0; ii<loopCnt; ++ii){
if ((dest[ii]>=peak) || (dest[ii]<=low)){
errCnt[clkCnt]=0;
for (i=0; i<((int)(size/clk[clkCnt])-1); ++i){
if (dest[ii+(i*clk[clkCnt])]>=peak || dest[ii+(i*clk[clkCnt])]<=low){
}else if(dest[ii+(i*clk[clkCnt])-tol]>=peak || dest[ii+(i*clk[clkCnt])-tol]<=low){
}else if(dest[ii+(i*clk[clkCnt])+tol]>=peak || dest[ii+(i*clk[clkCnt])+tol]<=low){
}else{ //error no peak detected
errCnt[clkCnt]++;
}
}
if(errCnt[clkCnt]==0) return clk[clkCnt];
if(errCnt[clkCnt]<bestErr) bestErr=errCnt[clkCnt];
}
}
errCnt[clkCnt]=bestErr;
}
int iii=0;
int best=0;
for (iii=0; iii<6;++iii){
if (errCnt[iii]<errCnt[best]){
best = iii;
}
}
return clk[best];
}