diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/ape-keys.ts b/backend/api/controllers/ape-keys.ts
index 2e4a14df5..87456a722 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/ape-keys.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/ape-keys.ts
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ import _ from "lodash";
 import { randomBytes } from "crypto";
 import { hash } from "bcrypt";
 import ApeKeysDAO from "../../dao/ape-keys";
-import MonkeyError from "../../handlers/error";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
-import { base64UrlEncode } from "../../handlers/misc";
+import MonkeyError from "../../utils/error";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
+import { base64UrlEncode } from "../../utils/misc";
 
 function cleanApeKey(apeKey: MonkeyTypes.ApeKey): Partial<MonkeyTypes.ApeKey> {
   return _.omit(apeKey, "hash");
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/config.ts b/backend/api/controllers/config.ts
index 1f9af9e2e..b32ffd9af 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/config.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import ConfigDAO from "../../dao/config";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
 
 class ConfigController {
   static async getConfig(req: MonkeyTypes.Request): Promise<MonkeyResponse> {
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/leaderboards.ts b/backend/api/controllers/leaderboards.ts
index b0344562e..ddad9207d 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/leaderboards.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/leaderboards.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import _ from "lodash";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
 import LeaderboardsDAO from "../../dao/leaderboards";
 
 class LeaderboardsController {
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/preset.ts b/backend/api/controllers/preset.ts
index 094f09c5d..f7164065f 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/preset.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/preset.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import PresetDAO from "../../dao/preset";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
 
 class PresetController {
   static async getPresets(req: MonkeyTypes.Request): Promise<MonkeyResponse> {
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/psa.ts b/backend/api/controllers/psa.ts
index 8fb60ea18..027c44a70 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/psa.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/psa.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import PsaDAO from "../../dao/psa";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
 
 class PsaController {
   static async get(_req: MonkeyTypes.Request): Promise<MonkeyResponse> {
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/quotes.ts b/backend/api/controllers/quotes.ts
index 5b2b656a3..4a43f37ee 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/quotes.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/quotes.ts
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ import UserDAO from "../../dao/user";
 import ReportDAO from "../../dao/report";
 import NewQuotesDao from "../../dao/new-quotes";
 import QuoteRatingsDAO from "../../dao/quote-ratings";
-import MonkeyError from "../../handlers/error";
-import { verify } from "../../handlers/captcha";
-import Logger from "../../handlers/logger";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
+import MonkeyError from "../../utils/error";
+import { verify } from "../../utils/captcha";
+import Logger from "../../utils/logger";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
 
 class QuotesController {
   static async getQuotes(_req: MonkeyTypes.Request): Promise<MonkeyResponse> {
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/result.js b/backend/api/controllers/result.js
index 0a1a88a62..4602072e6 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/result.js
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/result.js
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import ResultDAO from "../../dao/result";
 import UserDAO from "../../dao/user";
 import PublicStatsDAO from "../../dao/public-stats";
 import BotDAO from "../../dao/bot";
-import { roundTo2, stdDev } from "../../handlers/misc";
+import { roundTo2, stdDev } from "../../utils/misc";
 import node_object_hash from "node-object-hash";
-import Logger from "../../handlers/logger";
+import Logger from "../../utils/logger";
 import "dotenv/config";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
-import MonkeyError from "../../handlers/error";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
+import MonkeyError from "../../utils/error";
 import {
   implemented as anticheatImplemented,
   validateResult,
diff --git a/backend/api/controllers/user.ts b/backend/api/controllers/user.ts
index 76a1bee72..f6601a99c 100644
--- a/backend/api/controllers/user.ts
+++ b/backend/api/controllers/user.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import _ from "lodash";
 import UsersDAO from "../../dao/user";
 import BotDAO from "../../dao/bot";
-import MonkeyError from "../../handlers/error";
-import Logger from "../../handlers/logger.js";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
-import { linkAccount } from "../../handlers/discord";
-import { buildAgentLog } from "../../handlers/misc";
+import MonkeyError from "../../utils/error";
+import Logger from "../../utils/logger.js";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
+import { linkAccount } from "../../utils/discord";
+import { buildAgentLog } from "../../utils/misc";
 
 function cleanUser(user: MonkeyTypes.User): Omit<MonkeyTypes.User, "apeKeys"> {
   return _.omit(user, "apeKeys");
diff --git a/backend/api/routes/index.ts b/backend/api/routes/index.ts
index 6076b8a92..602475ed4 100644
--- a/backend/api/routes/index.ts
+++ b/backend/api/routes/index.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import leaderboards from "./leaderboards";
 import quotes from "./quotes";
 import apeKeys from "./ape-keys";
 import { asyncHandler } from "../../middlewares/api-utils";
-import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../handlers/monkey-response";
+import { MonkeyResponse } from "../../utils/monkey-response";
 import { Application, NextFunction, Response } from "express";
 import swStats from "swagger-stats";
 
diff --git a/backend/api/routes/users.ts b/backend/api/routes/users.ts
index 3e20c0352..34d83cae2 100644
--- a/backend/api/routes/users.ts
+++ b/backend/api/routes/users.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Router } from "express";
 import UserController from "../controllers/user";
 import { asyncHandler, validateRequest } from "../../middlewares/api-utils";
 import * as RateLimit from "../../middlewares/rate-limit";
-import { isUsernameValid } from "../../handlers/validation";
+import { isUsernameValid } from "../../utils/validation";
 
 const router = Router();
 
diff --git a/backend/dao/ape-keys.ts b/backend/dao/ape-keys.ts
index 96021c602..118a971da 100644
--- a/backend/dao/ape-keys.ts
+++ b/backend/dao/ape-keys.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import _ from "lodash";
 import UsersDAO from "./user";
 import { ObjectId } from "mongodb";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 
 function checkIfKeyExists(
   apeKeys: MonkeyTypes.User["apeKeys"],
diff --git a/backend/dao/leaderboards.js b/backend/dao/leaderboards.js
index f0d6cd411..f10ad9de3 100644
--- a/backend/dao/leaderboards.js
+++ b/backend/dao/leaderboards.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import db from "../init/db";
-import Logger from "../handlers/logger";
+import Logger from "../utils/logger";
 import { performance } from "perf_hooks";
 
 class LeaderboardsDAO {
diff --git a/backend/dao/new-quotes.js b/backend/dao/new-quotes.js
index 80a9e815c..d1d7bfa06 100644
--- a/backend/dao/new-quotes.js
+++ b/backend/dao/new-quotes.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import stringSimilarity from "string-similarity";
 import path from "path";
 import fs from "fs";
 import db from "../init/db";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 
 let git;
 try {
diff --git a/backend/dao/preset.js b/backend/dao/preset.js
index 49a6b69f3..95af8d46f 100644
--- a/backend/dao/preset.js
+++ b/backend/dao/preset.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 import db from "../init/db";
 import { ObjectId } from "mongodb";
 
diff --git a/backend/dao/public-stats.js b/backend/dao/public-stats.js
index 0228d45f1..c5d4097c0 100644
--- a/backend/dao/public-stats.js
+++ b/backend/dao/public-stats.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import db from "../init/db";
-import { roundTo2 } from "../handlers/misc";
+import { roundTo2 } from "../utils/misc";
 
 class PublicStatsDAO {
   //needs to be rewritten, this is public stats not user stats
diff --git a/backend/dao/report.js b/backend/dao/report.js
index 339887118..ea39eb1ae 100644
--- a/backend/dao/report.js
+++ b/backend/dao/report.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 import db from "../init/db";
 class ReportDAO {
   static async createReport(report, maxReports, contentReportLimit) {
diff --git a/backend/dao/result.js b/backend/dao/result.js
index 1e83e7613..ab5f9a2b3 100644
--- a/backend/dao/result.js
+++ b/backend/dao/result.js
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { ObjectId } from "mongodb";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 import db from "../init/db";
 
 import UserDAO from "./user";
diff --git a/backend/dao/user.js b/backend/dao/user.js
index dd5258fa0..c494ec1d8 100644
--- a/backend/dao/user.js
+++ b/backend/dao/user.js
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import _ from "lodash";
-import { isUsernameValid } from "../handlers/validation";
-import { updateAuthEmail } from "../handlers/auth";
-import { checkAndUpdatePb } from "../handlers/pb";
+import { isUsernameValid } from "../utils/validation";
+import { updateAuthEmail } from "../utils/auth";
+import { checkAndUpdatePb } from "../utils/pb";
 import db from "../init/db";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 import { ObjectId } from "mongodb";
 
 class UsersDAO {
diff --git a/backend/init/configuration.ts b/backend/init/configuration.ts
index 3c856c48c..8199a4b61 100644
--- a/backend/init/configuration.ts
+++ b/backend/init/configuration.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import db from "./db";
 import _ from "lodash";
-import Logger from "../handlers/logger.js";
-import { identity } from "../handlers/misc";
+import Logger from "../utils/logger.js";
+import { identity } from "../utils/misc";
 import BASE_CONFIGURATION from "../constants/base-configuration";
 
 const CONFIG_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 10 * 60 * 1000; // 10 Minutes
diff --git a/backend/jobs/delete-old-logs.ts b/backend/jobs/delete-old-logs.ts
index 2f6ea04b3..094b6f747 100644
--- a/backend/jobs/delete-old-logs.ts
+++ b/backend/jobs/delete-old-logs.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { CronJob } from "cron";
 import db from "../init/db";
-import Logger from "../handlers/logger";
+import Logger from "../utils/logger";
 
 const CRON_SCHEDULE = "0 0 0 * * *";
 const LOG_MAX_AGE_DAYS = 7;
diff --git a/backend/middlewares/api-utils.ts b/backend/middlewares/api-utils.ts
index ce7f37d1e..227f6998e 100644
--- a/backend/middlewares/api-utils.ts
+++ b/backend/middlewares/api-utils.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import _ from "lodash";
 import joi from "joi";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 import { Response, NextFunction, RequestHandler } from "express";
-import {
-  handleMonkeyResponse,
-  MonkeyResponse,
-} from "../handlers/monkey-response";
+import { handleMonkeyResponse, MonkeyResponse } from "../utils/monkey-response";
 import UsersDAO from "../dao/user";
 
 interface ValidationOptions<T> {
diff --git a/backend/middlewares/auth.ts b/backend/middlewares/auth.ts
index d23ca0d8e..c03c9ff04 100644
--- a/backend/middlewares/auth.ts
+++ b/backend/middlewares/auth.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import _ from "lodash";
 import { compare } from "bcrypt";
 import UsersDAO from "../dao/user";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
-import { verifyIdToken } from "../handlers/auth";
-import { base64UrlDecode } from "../handlers/misc";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
+import { verifyIdToken } from "../utils/auth";
+import { base64UrlDecode } from "../utils/misc";
 import { NextFunction, Response, Handler } from "express";
 
 interface RequestAuthenticationOptions {
diff --git a/backend/middlewares/error.ts b/backend/middlewares/error.ts
index 6d1c52cba..e6f4aa5f2 100644
--- a/backend/middlewares/error.ts
+++ b/backend/middlewares/error.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 import db from "../init/db";
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from "uuid";
-import Logger from "../handlers/logger";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
-import {
-  MonkeyResponse,
-  handleMonkeyResponse,
-} from "../handlers/monkey-response";
+import Logger from "../utils/logger";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
+import { MonkeyResponse, handleMonkeyResponse } from "../utils/monkey-response";
 import { NextFunction, Response } from "express";
 
 async function errorHandlingMiddleware(
diff --git a/backend/middlewares/rate-limit.ts b/backend/middlewares/rate-limit.ts
index ad521cddb..7ed45695c 100644
--- a/backend/middlewares/rate-limit.ts
+++ b/backend/middlewares/rate-limit.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Response, NextFunction } from "express";
 import rateLimit, { Options } from "express-rate-limit";
-import MonkeyError from "../handlers/error";
+import MonkeyError from "../utils/error";
 
 const REQUEST_MULTIPLIER = process.env.MODE === "dev" ? 100 : 1;
 
diff --git a/backend/handlers/auth.js b/backend/utils/auth.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/auth.js
rename to backend/utils/auth.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/captcha.js b/backend/utils/captcha.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/captcha.js
rename to backend/utils/captcha.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/discord.ts b/backend/utils/discord.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/discord.ts
rename to backend/utils/discord.ts
diff --git a/backend/handlers/error.js b/backend/utils/error.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/error.js
rename to backend/utils/error.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/logger.js b/backend/utils/logger.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/logger.js
rename to backend/utils/logger.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/misc.js b/backend/utils/misc.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/misc.js
rename to backend/utils/misc.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/monkey-response.js b/backend/utils/monkey-response.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/monkey-response.js
rename to backend/utils/monkey-response.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/pb.js b/backend/utils/pb.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/pb.js
rename to backend/utils/pb.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/pb_old.js b/backend/utils/pb_old.js
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/pb_old.js
rename to backend/utils/pb_old.js
diff --git a/backend/handlers/validation.ts b/backend/utils/validation.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from backend/handlers/validation.ts
rename to backend/utils/validation.ts