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Depending on the different type of samples there are different mass spectrometry instrument that can be selected.
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Often, the best way to select an algorithm is to examine the details regarding data-format compatibility and necessary features, test it on a data set, and compare the results to what is expected.
After the MS data is collected, the next step is to perform a database search to identify the proteins and/or peptides analyzed by MS. A number of parameters can affect the outcome of a database search, and, ultimately, search parameters should consider the history of the sample, such as organism, enzymatic or chemical digestion, and reduction/alkylation steps.
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}, "position": 1 } ] } ] } ], "results": [ ] }, { "my_module": { "id": 2258, "name": "Protein preparation: Polyacrylamide gel", "due_date": null, "description": null, "x": 0, "y": 0, "my_module_group_id": 1179, "created_at": "2018-11-26T12:04:02.091Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-19T09:02:54.887Z", "archived": false, "archived_on": null, "created_by_id": 202, "last_modified_by_id": 202, "archived_by_id": null, "restored_by_id": null, "restored_on": null, "workflow_order": 2, "experiment_id": 454, "state": "uncompleted", "completed_on": null }, "outputs": [ { "id": 5978, "input_id": 2345, "output_id": 2258 } ], "my_module_tags": [ ], "task_comments": [ ], "my_module_repository_rows": [ ], "user_my_modules": [ ], "protocols": [ { "protocol": { "id": 3678, "name": null, "authors": null, "description": null, "added_by_id": null, "my_module_id": 2258, "team_id": 1, "protocol_type": "unlinked", "parent_id": null, "parent_updated_at": null, "archived_by_id": null, "archived_on": null, "restored_by_id": null, "restored_on": null, "created_at": "2018-11-26T12:04:02.098Z", "updated_at": "2019-02-20T07:32:07.687Z", "published_on": null, "nr_of_linked_children": 0 }, "protocol_protocol_keywords": [ ], "steps": [ { "step": { "id": 5146, "name": "Perform enzymatic digestion", "position": 5, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:40:40.624Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-24T06:40:41.505Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3678 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\nHere is the guideline how to extract peptides. This step can take up to several hours depending upon the volume used.
" }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 943, "name": "Guidelines:", "step_id": 5147, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.750Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.750Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3873, "text": "Remove supernatant, which now contains peptides, to a new clean microcentrifuge tube.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 943, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.754Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.754Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3874, "text": "Add 100 μL gel extraction solution to the gel pieces and incubate while shaking for 20 min at room temperature.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 943, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.761Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.761Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3875, "text": "Remove solution and combine with the solution obtained in step 1.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 943, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.777Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.777Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 }, { "id": 3876, "text": "Repeat steps second and third step.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 943, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.784Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.784Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 3 }, { "id": 3877, "text": "Dry combined supernatants using a vacuum centrifuge.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 943, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.791Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:17:36.791Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 4 } ] }, "position": 1 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 4826, "name": "Coomassie stained gels", "position": 3, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-11-26T13:15:06.518Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-24T06:34:58.049Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3678 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\n\nCoomassie dyes (also known as Coomassie Brilliant Dyes) are a family of dyes commonly used to stain proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate and blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE and BN-PAGE, respectively) gels. The gels are soaked in dye and an excess stain is then eluted with a solvent. This treatment allows the visualization of protein bands." }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 917, "name": "Washing:", "step_id": 4826, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.542Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.108Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3780, "text": "Remove destain solution", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 917, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.545Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.545Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3781, "text": "Add 400 μl water.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 917, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.554Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.554Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3782, "text": "If the gel pieces are still blue, remove the water and repeat until the gel pieces are colourless.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 917, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.562Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T10:52:29.562Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 } ] }, "position": 1 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 919, "name": "Dehydration:", "step_id": 4826, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.116Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.116Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3786, "text": "Dehydrate gel pieces with 400 μl of 100% acetonitrile for 10 min", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 919, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.118Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.118Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3787, "text": "Remove supernatant", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 919, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.126Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.126Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3788, "text": "Dry gel pieces in a vacuum centrifuge", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 919, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.133Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:39:18.133Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 } ] }, "position": 2 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 4824, "name": "Destain gel bands", "position": 1, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-11-26T13:08:09.568Z", "updated_at": "2019-01-31T08:32:58.429Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3678 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\nDestain in the microcentrifuge tube for 30 min with 100 μL of the appropriate gel destain solution with vigorous vortexing. The choice of destaining protocol depends on the stain used, and there is a specific destain recipe for each type of gel stain. The choice of protein stain depends on the protein concentration and the dynamic range of the sample. Silver and colloidal Coomassie staining (CCS) stains offer a low limit of detection (1 to 10 ng) compared to traditional Coomassie staining (0.3 to 1 μg).
" }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 940, "name": "Follow:", "step_id": 4824, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:03:52.360Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:03:52.360Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3863, "text": "Step 3: Glutaraldehyde-free silver stained gels", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 940, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:03:52.362Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:04:56.749Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3864, "text": "Step 4: Coomassie-stained gels", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 940, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:03:52.369Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:04:56.761Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 } ] }, "position": 1 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 4825, "name": "Silver stained gels", "position": 2, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-11-26T13:14:10.347Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-24T06:30:40.360Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3678 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\n\nSilver staining is used to detect proteins after electrophoretic separation on polyacrylamide gels. It combines excellent sensitivity, whilst using very simple and cheap equipment and chemicals." }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 916, "name": "Washing:", "step_id": 4825, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.146Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:37:14.463Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3776, "text": "Remove destain solution", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 916, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.148Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.148Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3777, "text": "Wash gel piece with 400 μL water", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 916, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.157Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T12:00:27.604Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3778, "text": "Shake for 15 min at room temperature", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 916, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.166Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.166Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 }, { "id": 3779, "text": "Repeat wash at least twice or until gel pieces are colourless.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 916, "created_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.175Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T10:50:00.175Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 3 } ] }, "position": 1 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 918, "name": "Dehydration:", "step_id": 4825, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:36:41.173Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:37:28.556Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3783, "text": "Dehydrate gel pieces with 400 μL of 100% acetonitrile for 10 min", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 918, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:36:41.177Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T12:00:27.594Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3784, "text": "Remove supernatant", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 918, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:36:41.204Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:36:41.204Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3785, "text": "Dry gel pieces in a vacuum centrifuge", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 918, "created_at": "2018-12-07T11:36:41.211Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T11:36:41.211Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 } ] }, "position": 2 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 4823, "name": "Excise gel bands", "position": 0, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-11-26T13:01:32.320Z", "updated_at": "2019-02-20T07:32:22.475Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3678 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ { "asset": { "id": 3740, "created_at": "2019-02-20T07:32:07.412Z", "updated_at": "2019-02-20T07:32:22.467Z", "created_by_id": 202, "last_modified_by_id": null, "estimated_size": 12461, "lock": null, "lock_ttl": null, "version": 1, "file_processing": false, "team_id": 1 }, "asset_blob": { "filename": "Bottom_up_proteomics.jpg" } } ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\nOnce you have run your gel, move it to an open UV box (be sure to wear proper UV protection - especially for your eyes!), remove it from any gel tray as plastic will block much of the UV and with a clean, sterile razor blade, slice the desired DNA fragment from the gel. Try to get as little excess gel around the band as possible. To do so, it is often important to take the excised band, lay it down on the UV box and trim the top, bottom and sides with the razor blade. This is especially important during the DNA purification step, as many kits cannot handle more than a certain total volume of gel per reaction.
Reduction of disulfide bonds can be achieved with either dithiothreitol (DTT) or tris (2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP). DTT works optimally at pH 7 to 9, TCEP is typically more efficient, works at a wider pH range (pH 2 to 11), and has no offensive odour. The concentrations and incubation times for DTT, TCEP, and IAA may vary depending on the amount of protein to be treated. Typical concentrations range from 5 to 10 mM for DTT and TCEP, and 10 to 50 mM for iodoacetamide. Incubation times may range from 5 min to 1 hr for the reduction step and 10 min to 1 hr for the alkylation step. Similarly, the reduction can be performed at room temperature, 37°C or 56°C. Each parameter can be optimized depending on the nature of the protein sample.
\nFollow elution and collection guidelines below.
" }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 951, "name": "Guidelines:", "step_id": 5154, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.465Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.465Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3901, "text": "If samples have been dried, then resuspended in 3 μL 1 of % SDS. Dilute IMAC–1% TFA and IMAC-FT samples each in 5 volumes of TiO2 loading solution.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 951, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.467Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.467Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3902, "text": "Load each of the samples onto one TiO2 column (for simple samples) or three to four TiO2 columns (for complex mixtures containing ≥120 μg protein).", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 951, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.476Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.476Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3903, "text": "Collect TiO2 flow through in microcentrifuge tubes. Do this step slowly using Combi-Syringe to apply the pressure.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 951, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.483Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.483Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 }, { "id": 3904, "text": "Wash the TiO2 columns using 5 μL TiO2 loading solution and pool the eluates with the TIO2FT fraction from the previous step. Do this step slowly using Combi-Syringe to apply the pressure.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 951, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.491Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.491Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 3 }, { "id": 3905, "text": "Elute the phosphopeptides using 30 μL high-pH elution solution. Use 30 μL per column and pool the eluates from the same sample. This step should be performed slowly using a Combi-Syringe to apply pressure.\r\nAcidify the eluates using 100% TFA to a pH of ~2 to 3.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 951, "created_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.499Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T14:51:18.499Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 4 } ] }, "position": 1 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 5156, "name": "Preparation of samples for MS", "position": 3, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.225Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-24T08:07:19.825Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3837 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\nDifferent preparations of samples for different types of mass spectrometry.
" }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 920, "name": "For MALDI-TOF-MS/MS:", "step_id": 5156, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.228Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.228Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3789, "text": "Elute the peptides from Oligo R3 column using 5 μL phosphopeptide RP elution buffer", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 920, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.230Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T12:16:38.311Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3790, "text": "Spot directly onto MALDI sample plate, using a pipet.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 920, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.239Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.239Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3791, "text": "As spot is drying, if matrix crystals are not forming well, spot an additional 0.5 μL phosphopeptide RP elution buffer.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 920, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.248Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T12:16:38.318Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 } ] }, "position": 1 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 921, "name": "For LC-ESI-MS/MS:", "step_id": 5156, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.261Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.261Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3792, "text": "Elute the peptides from the Oligo R3 column using 30 μl phosphopeptide RP elution buffer.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 921, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.263Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.263Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3793, "text": "Dry pooled eluates by vacuum centrifugation.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 921, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.271Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.271Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3794, "text": "Resuspend the monophosphopeptides in 0.5 μL 100% formic acid and add 10 μl of 0.1% formic acid immediately.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 921, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:34:54.278Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-20T12:16:38.303Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 } ] }, "position": 2 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 5155, "name": "Preparation of a slurry of Oligo R3 reversed-phase resin", "position": 2, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-12-07T14:31:41.630Z", "updated_at": "2019-01-31T08:39:07.689Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3837 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\n\nSqueeze the tip of the narrow-bore pipet tip nearly shut, as this will prevent bead loss. The Combi-Syringe is only to be used for the generation of pressure in the column, not for measuring and loading the aliquots. The Combi-Syringe is reusable and should therefore not come into contact with any solution.
\nToo many IMAC beads may result in nonspecific binding of peptides because of reduced washing efficiency. A small amount of wash solution should be left in the tube with the beads, to avoid aspirating the beads.\n
\nUse 30 μL of RP LC-ESI-MS/MS elution solution for samples that will be analyzed. Collect the eluate in a clean tube. The samples are now ready for MS analysis.
" }, "position": 0 } ] }, { "step": { "id": 4878, "name": "Rinse column", "position": 2, "completed": false, "completed_on": null, "user_id": 202, "created_at": "2018-11-27T18:00:46.914Z", "updated_at": "2019-01-29T10:24:17.412Z", "last_modified_by_id": 202, "protocol_id": 3705 }, "step_comments": [ ], "assets": [ ], "step_orderable_elements": [ { "step_text": { "text": "\nFollow guidelines for sample preparation.
" }, "position": 0 }, { "checklist": { "checklist": { "id": 861, "name": "Preparation of samples:", "step_id": 4877, "created_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.392Z", "updated_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.392Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null }, "checklist_items": [ { "id": 3577, "text": "Add 10% TFA to bring the final concentration to 0.1% TFA to the peptide sample.", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 861, "created_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.394Z", "updated_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.394Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 0 }, { "id": 3578, "text": "Apply the sample to the column", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 861, "created_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.403Z", "updated_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.403Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 1 }, { "id": 3579, "text": "Use a pipette to push sample through slowly", "checked": false, "checklist_id": 861, "created_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.410Z", "updated_at": "2018-11-27T17:59:44.410Z", "created_by_id": null, "last_modified_by_id": null, "position": 2 } ] }, "position": 1 } ] } ] } ], "results": [ ] } ], "my_module_groups": [ { "id": 1179, "created_at": "2018-12-19T09:02:54.877Z", "updated_at": "2018-12-19T09:02:54.877Z", "created_by_id": 202, "experiment_id": 454 } ] }