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proxmark3/doc/desfire.md
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Notes on MIFARE DESFire

Table of Contents

Documentation

^Top

DESFire Light datasheet MF2DL(H)x0

Features and Hints AN12343

Quick Start Guide AN12341

LRP Specification

NTAG 424 DNA NT4H2421Gx

NTAG features and hints - LRP mode

ev2 samples AN12196

MIFARE Application Directory AN10787

Symmetric key diversifications AN10922

Source code

^Top

desfire_crypto from proxmark3

libfreefare

desfire-tools-for-android

nfcjlib

java-card-desfire-emulation

ChameleonMiniDESFireStack

LRP/ev2 nfc-ev2-crypto

Communication channel with a card

^Top

The card can work with a combination of: key type - command set - secure channel - communication mode

key types:

des - 8-byte key. can be present in a form of 2tdea key with length 16 bytes by duplicating contents twice.

2tdea - 16-byte key

3tdea - 24-byte key. can be disabled on the card level.

aes - 16-byte AES-128 key

command sets:

native - raw commands

native iso - wraps raw commands into the ISO APDU. CLA = 0x90, INS = command code, data = the remaining data from raw command

iso - works only for some commands: ISO select by ISO ID (if enabled), authenticate, read and write in the plain mode, read in the mac mode

secure channels:

d40 - old secure channel that can work only with des and 2tdea keys

ev1 - secure channel that can work with all the keys: des, 2tdea, 3tdea, aes

ev2 - the newest channel that can work with aes key only

communication modes

plain - just plain data between card and reader

maced - mac applied to request/response/both (may be sent or not)

encrypted - encrypted data in the request/response/both in the ev2 channel data signed with mac.

Card architecture

^Top

The card has several applications on it and the applications have files and some other objects.

Each card has a master application with AID 0x000000 that saves the card's configuration.

Master application has many keys with different purposes, but commands show that there is only one key - card master key.

Each application may have its own key type and set of keys. Each file can only have links to these keys in its access rights.

Card structure

^Top

  • Application
  • Application number: 1 byte
  • Application ISO number: if set at the time of application creation. It can be selected by this ID in the ISO command set.
  • Application DF name: 1-16 chars. It can be selected by this name in the ISO command set.
  • Key settings: number of keys, key type, key config (what can do/not user with keys)
  • Keys: up to 14 keys (indexes 0..d)
  • Key versions: key version of corresponding key
  • Files:
    • File number: 1 byte
    • File ISO number: should be present if and only if application created with ISO number.
    • File type: standard, backup, value, cyclic record, linear record, transaction mac
    • Some settings that belong to file type (size for standard file for example)
    • File communication mode: plain/maced/encrypted
    • File access right: there are 4 modes: read/write/read-write/change settings. And each mode access can be: key0..keyD, E - free access, F - deny access

DESFire Light

^Top

The card has one preinstalled master file (ISO ID 0x3f00) and one application (0xdf01)

In the application, there are 6 files:

  • 0x00 Standard data file with size 256 bytes
  • 0x01 Cyclic record file with 5 records with size 16 bytes each
  • 0x03 Value file
  • 0x04 Standard data file with size 256 bytes
  • 0x0f Transaction MAC file with size 256 bytes
  • 0x1f Standard data file with size 32 bytes. Used for FCI.

User can't create/delete files (except Transaction MAC file).

ISO file IDs, the other files and application parameters can be changed via SetConfiguration command only.

The card has two secure channels: EV2 and LRP. By default, EV2 is on. LRP can be switched on by issuing SetConfiguration command and after that, it can't be switched off.

Application on the card can't be selected by DESFire native select. Needs to issue ISO select command. All the commands that can work in LRP channel have --appisoid option

Transaction MAC file - the only file that can be created and deleted. By default, all transaction operations (operations with Value and Record file) need to issue CommitReaderID command.
So (to fast check- it is needed to delete this file) it has default file id - 0x0f.

FCI sends from card to reader after selecting the application (df01 by default)

If it needs to have more space for FCI - just change the ID of one of the bigger files to 0x1f (and the current ID to something else) via SetConfiguration command.

How to

How to get card UID

^Top

The card can return UID in encrypted communication mode. Needs to authenticate with any key from the card.

hf mfdes getuid - authenticate with default key

hf mfdes getuid -s d40 - via d40 secure channel

hf mfdes getuid -s ev2 -t aes -k 11223344556677889900112233445566 - via ev2 secure channel with specified aes key

How to get/set default communication channel settings

^Top

All the commands use these settings by default if a more important setting is not specified in the command line.

hf mfdes default - get channel settings

hf mfdes default -n 1 -t aes - set key number 1 and key type aes

How to guess default communication channel settings

^Top

hf mfdes detect - simply detect key for master application (PICC level)

hf mfdes detect --save - detect key and save to defaults. look after to output of hf mfdes default

hf mfdes detect -s d40 - detect via channel d40

hf mfdes detect --dict mfdes_default_keys - detect key with help of dictionary file

hf mfdes detect --aid 123456 -n 2 - detect key 2 from application with AID 123456

How to try communication channel settings

^Top

hf mfdes auth -n 0 -t des -k 1122334455667788 --aid 123456 - try application 123456 master key

hf mfdes auth -n 0 -t aes --save - try PICC AES master key and save the configuration to defaults if authentication succeeds

How to look at the application list on the card

^Top

hf mfdes lsapp --no-auth - show applications list without authentication

hf mfdes lsapp - show applications list with authentication from default settings

hf mfdes lsapp --files - show applications list with their files

hf mfdes getaids --no-auth - this command can return a simple AID list if it is enabled in the card settings

How to look/dump files from the application file list

^Top

hf mfdes lsfiles --aid 123456 -t aes - file list for application 123456 with aes key

hf mfdes dump --aid 123456 - shows files and their contents from application 123456

How to change key

^Top

Changing key algorithm can be done only in one case - change card master key.

Key algorithm for application can be chosen only on its creation.

hf mfdes changekey -t des --newalgo aes --newkey 11223344556677889900112233445566 --newver a5 - change picc master key from des default to aes

hf mfdes changekey --aid 123456 -t des -n 0 -k 5555555555555555 --newkey 1122334455667788 - change application master key from one key to another

hf mfdes changekey --aid 123456 -t des -n 0 --newkeyno 1 --oldkey 5555555555555555 --newkey 1122334455667788 - change key 1 with authentication with key 0 (app master key)

How to create the application

^Top

hf mfdes createapp --aid 123456 --fid 2345 --dfname aid123456 --dstalgo aes - create an application with ISO file ID, df name, and key algorithm AES

hf mfdes createapp --aid 123456 - create an application 123456 with DES key algorithm and without ISO file ID. in this case, iso file id can't be provided for application's files

How to create files

^Top

hf mfdes createfile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --isofid 0001 --size 000010 - create standard file with ISO ID and default access settings

hf mfdes createfile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --isofid 0001 --size 000010 --backup - create backup file

Create standard file with mac access mode and specified access settings. access settings can be changed later with command hf mfdes chfilesettings

hf mfdes createfile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --isofid 0001 --size 000010 --amode mac --rrights free --wrights free --rwrights free --chrights key0

hf mfdes createvaluefile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --isofid 0001 --lower 00000010 --upper 00010000 --value 00000100 - create value file

hf mfdes createrecordfile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --isofid 0001 --size 000010 --maxrecord 000010 - create linear record file

hf mfdes createrecordfile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --isofid 0001 --size 000010 --maxrecord 000010 --cyclic - create cyclic record file

hf mfdes createmacfile --aid 123456 --fid 01 --rawrights 0FF0 --mackey 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff --mackeyver 01 - create transaction mac file

How to delete files

^Top

hf mfdes deletefile --aid 123456 --fid 01 - delete file

How to read/write files

^Top

read:

hf mfdes read --aid 123456 --fid 01 - autodetect file type (with hf mfdes getfilesettings) and read its contents

hf mfdes read --aid 123456 --fid 01 --type record --offset 000000 --length 000001 - read one last record from a record file

read via ISO command set:

Here it is needed to specify the type of the file because there is no hf mfdes getfilesettings in the ISO command set

hf mfdes read --aid 123456 --fileisoid 1000 --type data -c iso - select application via native command and then read file via ISO

hf mfdes read --appisoid 0102 --fileisoid 1000 --type data -c iso - select all via ISO commands and then read

hf mfdes read --appisoid 0102 --fileisoid 1100 --type record -c iso --offset 000005 --length 000001 - read one record (number 5) from file ID 1100 via ISO command set

hf mfdes read --appisoid 0102 --fileisoid 1100 --type record -c iso --offset 000005 --length 000000 - read all the records (from 5 to 1) from file ID 1100 via ISO command set

write:

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 -d 01020304 - autodetect file type (with hf mfdes getfilesettings) and write data with offset 0

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 --type data -d 01020304 --commit - write backup data file and commit

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 --type value -d 00000001 increment value file

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 --type value -d 00000001 --debit decrement value file

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 --type record -d 01020304 write data to a record file

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 --type record -d 01020304 --updaterec 0 update record 0 (latest) in the record file.

write via iso command set:

hf mfdes write --appisoid 1234 --fileisoid 1000 --type data -c iso -d 01020304 write data to std/backup file via ISO command set

hf mfdes write --appisoid 1234 --fileisoid 2000 --type record -c iso -d 01020304 send record to record file via ISO command set

transactions:

For more detailed samples look at the next howto.

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 -d 01020304 --readerid 010203 write data to the file with CommitReaderID command before and CommitTransaction after write

How to work with transaction mac

^Top

There are two types of transactions with mac: with and without the CommitReaderID command. The type can be chosen by hf mfdes createmacfile command.

By default, the application works with transactions. All the write operations except write to standard file need to be committed by CommitTransaction command.

CommitTransaction command issued at the end of each write operation (except standard file).

Mac mode of transactions can be switched on by creating a mac file. There may be only one file with this file type for one application.

Command CommitReaderID enable/disable mode can be chosen at the creation of this file.

When CommitReaderID is enabled, it is needed to issue this command once per transaction. The transaction can't be committed without this command.

When the command is disabled - CommitReaderID returns an error.

more info from MF2DL(H)x0 datasheet (link at the top of this document):

10.3.2.1 Transaction MAC Counter (page 41)

10.3.2.5 Transaction MAC Reader ID and its encryption (page 43)

10.3.3 Transaction MAC Enabling (page 44)

10.3.4 Transaction MAC Calculation (page 45)

10.3.4.3 CommitReaderID Command (page 47)

create mac file:

hf mfdes createmacfile --aid 123456 --fid 0f --rawrights 0FF0 --mackey 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff --mackeyver 01 - create transaction mac file. CommitReaderID disabled

hf mfdes createmacfile --aid 123456 --fid 0f --rawrights 0F10 --mackey 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff --mackeyver 01 - create transaction mac file. CommitReaderID enabled with key 1

read mac and transactions counter from mac file:

hf mfdes read --aid 123456 --fid 0f - with type autodetect

write to data file without CommitReaderID:

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 -d 01020304

write to data file with CommitReaderID:

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 -d 01020304 --readerid 010203

write to data file with CommitReaderID and decode previous reader ID:

step 1. read mac file or read all the files to get transaction mac counter

hf mfdes read --aid 123456 --fid 0f - read mac file

hf mfdes dump --aid 123456 - read all the files

step 2. write something to a file with CommitReaderID command and provide the key that was set by hf mfdes createmacfile command

hf mfdes write --aid 123456 --fid 01 -d 01020304 --readerid 010203 --trkey 00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff

How to switch DESFire Light to LRP mode

^Top

Remove failed authentication counters (if needs, but strongly recommended)

hf mfdes setconfig --appisoid df01 -t aes -s ev2 --param 0a --data 00ffffffff

or in the LRP mode

hf mfdes setconfig --appisoid df01 -t aes -s lrp --param 0a --data 00ffffffff

Switch LRP mode on

hf mfdes setconfig --appisoid df01 -t aes -s ev2 --param 05 --data 00000000010000000000